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Following the king's execution parliament was composed of a mixture of religious independents, presbyterians and conservatives. Greater toleration was granted for religious independents (although Catholicism was still repressed) and a number of religiously inspired laws were passed including the closing of theatres and the enforcement of Sunday observance. Meanwhile Cromwell sought to eradicate opposition in Ireland where royalists had made an alliance with Irish Catholics. Between 1651 and 1653 Cromwell's army completed a brutal conquest of Ireland.
Following the king's execution parliament was composed of a mixture of religious independents, presbyterians and conservatives. Greater toleration was granted for religious independents (although Catholicism was still repressed) and a number of religiously inspired laws were passed including the closing of theatres and the enforcement of Sunday observance. Meanwhile Cromwell sought to eradicate opposition in Ireland where royalists had made an alliance with Irish Catholics. Between 1651 and 1653 Cromwell's army completed a brutal conquest of Ireland.
Acting on fears that parliament would begin to assert its independence from the army, Cromwell dissolved parliament in 1643 and replaced it with a hand picked parliament, but the new parliament was unable to find agreement between religious radicals and moderates and in December 1643 Cromwell dissolved parliament and installed himself as [[Lord Protector]], effectively a military dictator.
Acting on fears that parliament would begin to assert its independence from the army, Cromwell dissolved parliament in 1643 and replaced it with a hand picked parliament, but the new parliament was unable to find agreement between religious radicals and moderates and in December 1643 Cromwell dissolved parliament and installed himself as [[Lord Protector]], effectively a military dictator.
==Bibliography==
* Ashley, Maurice. ''The Greatness of Oliver Cromwell'' (1958). 382pp, a standard scholarly biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=3806780 online edition]
* Bennett, Martyn. ''Oliver Cromwell'' (2006), ISBN 0-415-31922-6. [http://www.amazon.com/Oliver-Cromwell-Routledge-Historical-Biographies/dp/0415319226/ref=sr_1_22?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1212181942&sr=1-22 excerpt and text search]
* Braddick, Mike. ''God's Fury, England's Fire: A New History of the English Civil War'' (2008)
* Coward, Barry, ed. ''A Companion to Stuart Britain'' (2003) [http://www.amazon.com/Companion-Britain-Blackwell-Companions-British/dp/0631218742/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1212300112&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Coward, Barry ''The Stuart Age: England, 1603-1714,'' (2003). ISBN 0-582-77251-6. Survey of political history of the era.
* Davies, Godfrey. ''The Early Stuarts, 1603-1660'' (1959). [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=774608 online]. Political, religious, and diplomatic overview of the era.
* Donagan, Barbara. ''War in England, 1642-1649.'' (2008) 443 pp. ISBN
978-0-19-928518-1.
* Firth, C.H. ''Cromwell's Army'' (1902), [http://books.google.com/books?id=hx4kAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Cromwell%27s+intitle:Army&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0 online edition]
* Gardiner, Samuel Rawson. ''Oliver Cromwell'' (1901). ISBN 1-4179-4961-9. Classic biography. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6034779 online edition]
* Gardiner, Samuel Rawson. ''History of the Great Civil War, 1642-1649'' (4 vol 1898) [http://books.google.com/books?id=absqibcUmIQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:the+intitle:Great+intitle:Civil+intitle:War+inauthor:Gardiner&lr=&as_brr=0 online edition from Google]
* Gaunt, Peter. ''The Cromwellian Gazetteer: An Illustrated Guide to Britain in the Civil War and Commonwealth'' (1998), 256pp; heavily illustrated; covers the scenes of military conflict such as battlefields, castles, fortified houses and churches, defended and besieged towns and cities
* Gentles, Ian. ''The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms'' (2007)
* Macinnes, Allan. ''The British Revolution, 1629-1660'' (2005), 337pp ISBN 0-333-59750-8.
* Morrill, John. "Cromwell, Oliver (1599–1658)", in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,'' (2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/6765 online to subscribers]
* Stoyle, Mark. ''Soldiers and Strangers: An Ethnic History of the English Civil War'' (2005)
* Woolrych, Austin. ''Britain in Revolution 1625-1660'' (2002), ISBN 0-19-927268-6. [http://www.amazon.com/Britain-Revolution-1625-1660-Austin-Woolrych/dp/0199272689/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1212300255&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Young, Peter and Richard Holmes. ''The English Civil War,'' (2000) ISBN 1-84022-222-0. [http://www.amazon.com/English-Civil-Wordsworth-Military-Library/dp/1840222220/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1212300220&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search], a military history
====notes====
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[[Category:English Civil War]]
[[Category:English Civil War]]