Changes

===1930s and World War II===

===1930s and World War II===

Dutch fascism and Nazism from 1929 to 1939 constituted two entirely distinct movements. Fascism was inspired by Mussolini's Italy and was based on traditional corporate ideology. The movement was small, elitist, and consisted of competing bourgeois political associations. National socialism, on the other hand,  was guided by the German [[Nazi]] model. A secular movement, it failed to gain mass support because its ideology was alien to native Dutch political culture.<ref>Erik Hansen, "Fascism and Nazism in the Netherlands 1929-39." ''European Studies Review'' 1981 11(3): 355-385. Issn: 0014-3111  </ref>

During the 1930s the Netherlands, liker other developed Western economies, suffered much from unemployment and the Depression.

The Germans under [[Adolf Hitler]] invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940 and after the open city of [[Rotterdam]] was bombed on May 14 by the ''[[Luftwaffe]]''  the Dutch army capitulated on May 15, 1940, after which a five year German occupation of the country began. The attempt of Nazi military governor, Reichskommissar Arthur Seyss-Inquart, to win the "Aryan" Dutch for Nazism by promoting industrial recovery met with resistance in the form of strikes and underground activity. 250,000 Dutch civilians wetre forced labourers at factories in Germany, which were targets of Allied air raids.  The heightening demands of the German war machine led to increasingly ruthless exploitation, as more than 40% of Dutch income flowed to Germany by 1942, severely undermining Dutch industry, while large numbers of young Dutch workers went into hiding and the resistance.<ref> Hein A. M. Klemann, "Dutch Industrial Companies and the German Occupation, 1940-1945." ''Vierteljahrschrift Für Sozial- Und Wirtschaftsgeschichte''  2006 93(1): 1-22. Issn: 0340-8728 </ref>

The Germans under [[Adolf Hitler]] invaded the Netherlands on May 10, 1940 and after the open city of [[Rotterdam]] was bombed on May 14 by the ''[[Luftwaffe]]''  the Dutch army capitulated on May 15, 1940, after which a five year German occupation of the country began. The attempt of Nazi military governor, Reichskommissar Arthur Seyss-Inquart, to win the "Aryan" Dutch for Nazism by promoting industrial recovery met with resistance in the form of strikes and underground activity. 250,000 Dutch civilians wetre forced labourers at factories in Germany, which were targets of Allied air raids.  The heightening demands of the German war machine led to increasingly ruthless exploitation, as more than 40% of Dutch income flowed to Germany by 1942, severely undermining Dutch industry, while large numbers of young Dutch workers went into hiding and the resistance.<ref> Hein A. M. Klemann, "Dutch Industrial Companies and the German Occupation, 1940-1945." ''Vierteljahrschrift Für Sozial- Und Wirtschaftsgeschichte''  2006 93(1): 1-22. Issn: 0340-8728 </ref>