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Line 92: − − David Cline wrote in ''[[Scientific American]]'' in 2003 the following: "We know little about that sea. The terms we use to describe its components, [[dark matter]] and dark energy, serve mainly as expressions of our ignorance.”<ref name=Cline>David B. Cline, "The Search for Dark Matter," ''Scientific American'', Vol. 288, March 2003, p. 52.. Cited in Brown, Walt, [http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes54.html#wp1458731 Big Bang]?" ''In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood'', 8th ed., 2008.</ref> Similarly, David Shiga authored an article in 2007 published by ''[[New Scientist]]'' titled "Is Dark Energy and Illusion?".<ref name=Shiga>Shiga D, "[http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn11498-is-dark-energy-an-illusion.html Is Dark Energy an Illusion]?" ''New Scientist'', March 30, 2007. Accessed January 6, 2009.</ref> Line 111:
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# It is a previously unknown type of energy fluid or field, and perhaps even a fifth elemental force, in addition to the previously known four forces of gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the weak and strong nuclear forces. Some scientists name this new force "quintessence" (literally, fifth essence), a term that ancient Greek philosophers once coined for a fifth "element" of nature in addition to the four elements that they thought they knew (fire, [[atmosphere|air]], [[earth]], and [[water]]).<ref name=Preuss/><ref name=Williams/>
# It is a previously unknown type of energy fluid or field, and perhaps even a fifth elemental force, in addition to the previously known four forces of gravity, the electromagnetic force, and the weak and strong nuclear forces. Some scientists name this new force "quintessence" (literally, fifth essence), a term that ancient Greek philosophers once coined for a fifth "element" of nature in addition to the four elements that they thought they knew (fire, [[atmosphere|air]], [[earth]], and [[water]]).<ref name=Preuss/><ref name=Williams/>
# It is not a new property or force but a manifestation of an error of our understanding of an old one, namely gravity.<ref name=Preuss/><ref name=Williams/>
# It is not a new property or force but a manifestation of an error of our understanding of an old one, namely gravity.<ref name=Preuss/><ref name=Williams/>
=== Implications of dark energy ===
=== Implications of dark energy ===
Dark energy is a mathematical convenience. Some authorities admit that it may never be detectable. One reason why no one would ever detect it is that it represents an error. [[Evolution]]istic cosmologists have admitted that dark energy might represent an error of their understanding of gravity. Creationists suggest that the error is far more fundamental.
Dark energy is a mathematical convenience. Some authorities admit that it may never be detectable. One reason why no one would ever detect it is that it represents an error. [[Evolution]]istic cosmologists have admitted that dark energy might represent an error of their understanding of gravity. Creationists suggest that the error is far more fundamental.
=== Secular criticism ===
David Cline wrote in ''[[Scientific American]]'' in 2003 the following: "We know little about that sea. The terms we use to describe its components, [[dark matter]] and dark energy, serve mainly as expressions of our ignorance.”<ref name=Cline>David B. Cline, "The Search for Dark Matter," ''Scientific American'', Vol. 288, March 2003, p. 52.. Cited in Brown, Walt, [http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/ReferencesandNotes54.html#wp1458731 Big Bang]?" ''In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood'', 8th ed., 2008.</ref> Similarly, David Shiga authored an article in 2007 published by ''[[New Scientist]]'' titled "Is Dark Energy and Illusion?".<ref name=Shiga>Shiga D, "[http://space.newscientist.com/article/dn11498-is-dark-energy-an-illusion.html Is Dark Energy an Illusion]?" ''New Scientist'', March 30, 2007. Accessed January 6, 2009.</ref>
=== A Competing Secular Explanation ===
=== A Competing Secular Explanation ===