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This article covers the '''History of Canada''' from 1600 to the 1990s. For recent developments see [[Canada]].
== History ==
===Confederation===
[[Image:CANADA1865.jpg|thumb|400px|Canada on the eve of federation]] Canada was officially created by the signing of the British North America Act, which came into force on July 1, 1867. The BNA Act was an [[Act of Parliament|Act of the British Parliament]], and is also referred to as the Constitution Act of 1867. The first Prime Minister, [[John A Macdonald|Sir John A. Macdonald]], was a member of the Liberal-Conservative Party.
===Since 1970===
====1982 Constitution====
The BNA Act was later amended in 1982 by the Constitution Act of 1982. Liberal Prime Minister [[Pierre Elliot Trudeau]], also established the Canadian [[Charter of Rights and Freedoms]] as part of the Constitution Act. The Charter sets clear, fundamental freedoms for all Canadians. It has been cited in thousands of court challenges and is the fundamental legal document supporting the national legalization of same-sex marriages and the prevention of government intervention regarding abortion.
====1993 Election====
The 1993 Canadian general election was an extraordinary one that saw the collapse of a once stable two-party-plus system and the emergence of a less stable one-party dominant system. The governing [[Progressive Conservative party]] went down to the most crushing defeat of any governing party in Canadian electoral history, and two new parties displaced two old ones. A new consrvative party based in [[Alberta]], the [[Reform Party]], captured the political right. The strategic interests of both of the two new parties, Reform and the independent [[Bloc Québécois]] (active only in Quebec), combined to undermine the integrative role that Canadian political parties have traditionally served. <ref>Neil Nevitte, et al. "Electoral Discontinuity: The 1993 Canadian Federal Election." ''International Social Science Journal'' 1995 47(4): 583-599. 0020-8701 </ref>
==Further reading==
* [http://www.biographi.ca/ ''The Dictionary of Canadian Biography''] (1966-2006), thousands of scholarly biographies of notables who died by 1930
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008)] reliable detailed encyclopedia, on-line free
* Artibise, Alan F. J., ed. ''Interdisciplinary Approaches to Canadian Society: A Guide to the Literature.'' McGill-Queen's U. Press, 1990. 156 pp.
* Bumsted,J.M. ''The Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History''; and ''The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History.'' (2004). college textbook
* Conrad, Margaret, and Alvin Finkel. ''Canada: A National History.'' (2003), college textbook.
* Conrad, Margaret, and Alvin Finkel, eds. ''Foundations: Readings in Post-Confederation Canadian History.'' and ''Nation and Society: Readings in Post-Confederation Canadian History''. Pearson Longman, 2004. articles by scholars
* Creighton, Donald; ''A History of Canada: Dominion of the North'' 1958, 626 pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9444590 online edition], textbook
* Hallowell, Gerald, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian History'' (2004) 1650 short entries
* Desmond Morton. ''A Short History of Canada'' 5th ed (2001)
* ''National Atlas of Canada'' (1st ed. 1906; 2nd ed. 1915; 3rd ed. 1957; 4th ed. 1974; 6th ed. 1999 is electronic)
* Prentice, Alison ''et al''. ''Canadian Women: a history'' (1996, 2nd edition)
* Pryke, Kenneth G. and Walter C. Soderlund, eds. ''Profiles of Canada.'' Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 2003. 3rd edition.
* Riendeau, Roger. ''A Short History of Canada'' (2nd ed 2007)
* Toye, William, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature.'' Oxford U. Press, 1983. 843 pp.
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian History]]
== History ==
===Confederation===
[[Image:CANADA1865.jpg|thumb|400px|Canada on the eve of federation]] Canada was officially created by the signing of the British North America Act, which came into force on July 1, 1867. The BNA Act was an [[Act of Parliament|Act of the British Parliament]], and is also referred to as the Constitution Act of 1867. The first Prime Minister, [[John A Macdonald|Sir John A. Macdonald]], was a member of the Liberal-Conservative Party.
===Since 1970===
====1982 Constitution====
The BNA Act was later amended in 1982 by the Constitution Act of 1982. Liberal Prime Minister [[Pierre Elliot Trudeau]], also established the Canadian [[Charter of Rights and Freedoms]] as part of the Constitution Act. The Charter sets clear, fundamental freedoms for all Canadians. It has been cited in thousands of court challenges and is the fundamental legal document supporting the national legalization of same-sex marriages and the prevention of government intervention regarding abortion.
====1993 Election====
The 1993 Canadian general election was an extraordinary one that saw the collapse of a once stable two-party-plus system and the emergence of a less stable one-party dominant system. The governing [[Progressive Conservative party]] went down to the most crushing defeat of any governing party in Canadian electoral history, and two new parties displaced two old ones. A new consrvative party based in [[Alberta]], the [[Reform Party]], captured the political right. The strategic interests of both of the two new parties, Reform and the independent [[Bloc Québécois]] (active only in Quebec), combined to undermine the integrative role that Canadian political parties have traditionally served. <ref>Neil Nevitte, et al. "Electoral Discontinuity: The 1993 Canadian Federal Election." ''International Social Science Journal'' 1995 47(4): 583-599. 0020-8701 </ref>
==Further reading==
* [http://www.biographi.ca/ ''The Dictionary of Canadian Biography''] (1966-2006), thousands of scholarly biographies of notables who died by 1930
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008)] reliable detailed encyclopedia, on-line free
* Artibise, Alan F. J., ed. ''Interdisciplinary Approaches to Canadian Society: A Guide to the Literature.'' McGill-Queen's U. Press, 1990. 156 pp.
* Bumsted,J.M. ''The Peoples of Canada: A Pre-Confederation History''; and ''The Peoples of Canada: A Post-Confederation History.'' (2004). college textbook
* Conrad, Margaret, and Alvin Finkel. ''Canada: A National History.'' (2003), college textbook.
* Conrad, Margaret, and Alvin Finkel, eds. ''Foundations: Readings in Post-Confederation Canadian History.'' and ''Nation and Society: Readings in Post-Confederation Canadian History''. Pearson Longman, 2004. articles by scholars
* Creighton, Donald; ''A History of Canada: Dominion of the North'' 1958, 626 pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9444590 online edition], textbook
* Hallowell, Gerald, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian History'' (2004) 1650 short entries
* Desmond Morton. ''A Short History of Canada'' 5th ed (2001)
* ''National Atlas of Canada'' (1st ed. 1906; 2nd ed. 1915; 3rd ed. 1957; 4th ed. 1974; 6th ed. 1999 is electronic)
* Prentice, Alison ''et al''. ''Canadian Women: a history'' (1996, 2nd edition)
* Pryke, Kenneth G. and Walter C. Soderlund, eds. ''Profiles of Canada.'' Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 2003. 3rd edition.
* Riendeau, Roger. ''A Short History of Canada'' (2nd ed 2007)
* Toye, William, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature.'' Oxford U. Press, 1983. 843 pp.
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Canadian History]]