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===Anglo-Saxon England and Britain===
 
===Anglo-Saxon England and Britain===
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In 793 the Vikings attacked England. Already they had attacked Ireland and Scotland. They plundered churches and monasteries for their silver. But in 871 a king named Alfred ascended to the throne of Wessex. He conquered most of England, but agreed they could rule eastern England. It was called the Danelaw because most Vikings who attacked Britain were Danes. He agreed to pay them a tribute with the same name. Alfred, eager that clergymen should be educated, built schools. Works of art were produced. No doubt to defend against further Viking attacks, Alfred created the English Navy. He little knew how powerful it would be almost a thousand years after his time.
    
===The Italian Peninsula and the Papacy===
 
===The Italian Peninsula and the Papacy===
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