Changes

===Anglo-Saxon England and Britain===

===Anglo-Saxon England and Britain===

When Pope Gregory I sent Augustine to England in 596, he started to convert the far southern kingdoms to Catholicism. Gradually all of England was Catholic. The Vikings attacked in 793 and were a constant threat. But King Alfred of Wessex conquered all of England and allowed the Vikings to rule the east (called the Danelaw). He encouraged education, especially for priests and monks. In 1017, when the kingdom was weak, it was conquered by the Danes, who integrated into the English population. Yet in 1042 King Edward reconquered it. In 1066, William the Conqueror took over.

When Pope Gregory I sent Augustine to England in 596, he started to convert the far southern kingdoms to Catholicism. Gradually all of England was Catholic. The Anglo-Saxons began to produce great works of art. Our word Easter comes from Eastre, which either is the Old English word for a pagan spring fest or for Passover. Many churches and monasteries were built. A monk named Bede (672-735) produced a book known as the Ecclesiatical History of the English Nation, which really was a history of England from the Celts onward. Monks began writing when kings were born, when they came to the throne, and when they died. The barbarian Anglo-Saxons were becoming civilized Englishmen - all because of Saint Augustine.

===The Italian Peninsula and the Papacy===

===The Italian Peninsula and the Papacy===