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→The Transition to the High Middle Ages (843-1000)
==The Transition to the High Middle Ages (843-1000)==
==The Transition to the High Middle Ages (843-1000)==
Not only did the Vikings and Muslims attack the degenerate empire. So did the Magyars, a fierce nomadic tribe from Central Asia. They plundered Germany. But a new emperor named Otto defeated them in 955 with his knights. The Magyars settled in modern Hungary, became the Hungarians, and in 1000 converted to Catholicism.
In 962, Otto defeated an ambitious king in northern Italy who threatened Rome. Pope John XII crowned him Holy Roman Emperor. A renaissance of art, learning, and culture began. With the defeat of the Muslims in Italy, settling down of the Hungarians, and civilizing of the Normans, order returned. Knights kept order. Agriculture advanced. Learning exploded. The orderly, prosperous, educated, and devoutly Catholic High Middle Ages was about to begin.
==References==
==References==