17,394
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 17:
Line 17: + + Line 33:
Line 35: + +
add
===1974 win===
===1974 win===
The Trudeau government was little interested in economic growth, and allowed prosperity give way to stagnation and recession as unemployment and inflation proved intractable. Trudeau was reelected with only a minority government in the 1972 election, in part because of a slowing economy. In the 1974 election Trudeau won a majority, after ridiculing Conservative economic policies, which he had to adopt himself a year later. The economy performed poorly through the late 1970s and Trudeau lost his first general election to the Conservatives in 1979 under the [[Joe Clark]]<ref> See [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001651 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' on Clark]</ref> Clark's minority government tried to privatize Petro Canada, but soon lost a no-confidence vote.
The Trudeau government was little interested in economic growth, and allowed prosperity give way to stagnation and recession as unemployment and inflation proved intractable. Trudeau was reelected with only a minority government in the 1972 election, in part because of a slowing economy. In the 1974 election Trudeau won a majority, after ridiculing Conservative economic policies, which he had to adopt himself a year later. The economy performed poorly through the late 1970s and Trudeau lost his first general election to the Conservatives in 1979 under the [[Joe Clark]]<ref> See [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001651 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' on Clark]</ref> Clark's minority government tried to privatize Petro Canada, but soon lost a no-confidence vote.
===Foreign and defense policy===
In foreign policy Trudeau went out of his way to anagonize Americans; he and Nixon hated each other. Canada did not have the power to shape its own foreign policy, but antagonizing the Americans played very well in public opinion. Trudeau decided decision, against internal opposition, to reduce Canadian forces in NATO stationed in Europe. To make up for the military weakness Trudeau tried to strength Canada's national hockey team.<ref> Paul Conlin, "The Cold War and Canadian Nationalism on Ice: Federal Government Involvement in International Hockey during the 1960s". ''Canadian Journal of History of Sport'' 1994 25(2): 50-68. </ref>
===1980 win===
===1980 win===
In 1980 Trudeau won a majority, easily defeating Conservative Joe Clark. In 1982, Quebec voters narrowly rejected a separatist "sovereignty-association" option, but many expected that sooner or later the province would vote for independence from Canada. To head this off, Trudeau engineered changes in the federal constitution, ending the role of the British Parliament in amending the constitution. Trudeau successfully mobilized Canada's major interest groups in support of a [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]--something like the American [[Bill of Rights]]. He persuaded all the to accept the new constitution, except for Quebec, which refused its assent. Frustrated, Trudeau resigned both the premiership and party leadership in June 1984.
In 1980 Trudeau won a majority, easily defeating Conservative Joe Clark. In 1982, Quebec voters narrowly rejected a separatist "sovereignty-association" option, but many expected that sooner or later the province would vote for independence from Canada. To head this off, Trudeau engineered changes in the federal constitution, ending the role of the British Parliament in amending the constitution. Trudeau successfully mobilized Canada's major interest groups in support of a [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms|Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]--something like the American [[Bill of Rights]]. He persuaded all the to accept the new constitution, except for Quebec, which refused its assent. Frustrated, Trudeau resigned both the premiership and party leadership in June 1984.
==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' online]]
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' online]]
* Trudeau, Pierre Elliott. ''Memoirs'' (1996), primary source
* Bothwell, Robert, Ian Drummond, and John English. ''Canada since 1945'' (2d. ed. 1989). college textbook
* Bothwell, Robert, Ian Drummond, and John English. ''Canada since 1945'' (2d. ed. 1989). college textbook
* Clarkson, Stephen, and Christina McCall. ''Trudeau and Our Times''. (2 vol 1990-1994), standard political biography
* Clarkson, Stephen, and Christina McCall. ''Trudeau and Our Times''. (2 vol 1990-1994), standard political biography
* Cohen, Andrew, J. L. Granatstein, eds. ''Trudeau's shadow: the life and legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau''. (1999).
* Cohen, Andrew, J. L. Granatstein, eds. ''Trudeau's shadow: the life and legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau''. (1999).
* Couture, Claude, and Vivien Bosley. ''Paddling with the Current: Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Etienne Parent, Liberalism, and Nationalism in Canada'' (1998)
* Couture, Claude, and Vivien Bosley. ''Paddling with the Current: Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Etienne Parent, Liberalism, and Nationalism in Canada'' (1998)
* Granatstein, J. L. and Bothwell, Robert. ''Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy.'' (1990). 478 pp.
* Ricci, Nino. ''Extraordinary Canadians: Pierre Elliott Trudeau'' (2009), popular biography
* Ricci, Nino. ''Extraordinary Canadians: Pierre Elliott Trudeau'' (2009), popular biography
====references====
====references====