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'''Pierre Elliot Trudeau''' (1919-2000) was the 15th [[Canada|Canadian]] [[prime minister]], and a towering figure in Canadian politics even to this day. He was prime minister of Canada for 15 years in two spells, Apr. 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and March 3, 1980 to June 29, 1984. In longevity and importance, he compares to [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], who was prime minister for 21 years in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.

'''Pierre Elliot Trudeau''' (1919-2000) was the 15th [[Canada|Canadian]] [[prime minister]], and a towering figure in Canadian politics even to this day. He was prime minister of Canada for 15 years in two spells, Apr. 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and March 3, 1980 to June 29, 1984. In longevity and importance, he compares to [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]], who was prime minister for 21 years in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s.

Trudeau, leader of the [[Liberal_Party_of_Canada|Liberal Party]],<ref>In American terms, the party represents a mix of liberal and conservative elements.</ref> is best known for [[repatriation|repatriating]] the Canadian [[constitution]], for his anti-American foreign policy, his failed efforts to seize Alberta's oil, and his aggressive defeat of terrorism by the War Measures Act during [[Québec]]'s October Crisis in 1970.

Trudeau, leader of the [[Liberal_Party_of_Canada|Liberal Party]],<ref>In American terms, the party represents a mix of liberal and conservative elements.</ref> is best known for sponsoring the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], [[repatriation|repatriating]] the Canadian [[constitution]], his anti-American foreign policy, his failed efforts to seize Alberta's oil, and his aggressive defeat of terrorism by the War Measures Act during [[Québec]]'s October Crisis in 1970.

==Career==

==Career==

Trudeau was born October 18, 1919, the son of a wealthy businessman  Charles-Emile Trudeau and Grace Elliot.  Bilingual from an early age, he was educated in French-language Jesuit schools, and was a devout Catholic all his life. He attended the University of Montreal, [[Harvard University]], Université de Paris and the London School of Economics.  A lawyer primarily interested in public affairs; he was a legal adviser to trade unions, and he was closely involved in the 1949 strike of asbestos miners.   

Trudeau was born October 18, 1919, the son of a wealthy businessman  Charles-Emile Trudeau and Grace Elliot.  Bilingual from an early age, he was educated in French-language Jesuit schools, and was a devout Catholic all his life. He attended the University of Montreal, [[Harvard University]], Université de Paris and the London School of Economics.  A lawyer primarily interested in public affairs; he was a legal adviser to trade unions, and he was closely involved in the 1949 strike of asbestos miners.   

Trudeau retired from politics on June 30th, 1984 and was succeeded by [[John Turner]].   

Trudeau retired from politics on June 30th, 1984 and was succeeded by [[John Turner]].   

Late in life (1971) he married a young playgirl. They were incompatible, for her image of Trudeau-as-playboy was entirely a media hype; he was actually a workaholic and intellectual with little time for family or fun. After three children were born they separated in 1977 and were finally divorced in 1980.   

Late in life (1971) he married a young playgirl. They were incompatible, for her image of Trudeau-as-playboy was based entirely a media hype; he was actually a workaholic and am intense intellectual with little time for family or fun. After three children were born they separated in 1977 and were finally divorced in 1980.   

Trudeau remained active in law until late in his life and passed away on September 28, 2000 at the age of 80.   

Trudeau remained active in law until late in his life and passed away on September 28, 2000 at the age of 80.   

==Reputation==

==Reputation==

Liberals in Canada still fondly remember Trudeau as a dashing hero.  Conservatives still complain about his poor administrative practices and bad economic policies, as well as his personal arrogance and disregard of the needs of the west. Trudeau's policy of bilingualism in the civil service led to continuing resentment in English-speaking Canada. However, he is admired for standing up to the Quebec separatists and keeping Canada united.

Candians outside Quebec hail Trudeau as the chief sponsor of the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]. Liberal partisans fondly remember Trudeau as a dashing hero.  Conservatives still complain about his poor administrative practices and bad economic policies, as well as his personal arrogance and disregard of the needs of the west. Trudeau's policy of bilingualism in the civil service led to continuing resentment in English-speaking Canada. However, he is admired for facing down the Quebec separatists and keeping Canada united.

==Bibliography==

==Bibliography==

* Bothwell, Robert, Ian Drummond, and John English. ''Canada since 1945'' (2d. ed. 1989). college textbook

* Bothwell, Robert, Ian Drummond, and John English. ''Canada since 1945'' (2d. ed. 1989). college textbook

* Clarkson, Stephen, and Christina McCall. ''Trudeau and Our Times''. (2 vol 1990-1994), standard political biography

* Clarkson, Stephen, and Christina McCall. ''Trudeau and Our Times''. (2 vol 1990-1994), standard political biography

* Cohen, Andrew, J. L. Granatstein, eds. ''Trudeau's shadow: the life and legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau''. (1999).  

* Cohen, Andrew, and J. L. Granatstein, eds. ''Trudeau's shadow: the life and legacy of Pierre Elliott Trudeau''. (1999).  

* Couture, Claude,  and Vivien Bosley. ''Paddling with the Current: Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Etienne Parent, Liberalism, and Nationalism in Canada'' (1998)

* Couture, Claude,  and Vivien Bosley. ''Paddling with the Current: Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Etienne Parent, Liberalism, and Nationalism in Canada'' (1998)

* Granatstein, J. L. and Bothwell, Robert. ''Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy.'' (1990). 478 pp.

* Granatstein, J. L. and Bothwell, Robert. ''Pirouette: Pierre Trudeau and Canadian Foreign Policy.'' (1990). 478 pp.