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==Sampling and Hot-Deck Imputation==
 
==Sampling and Hot-Deck Imputation==
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When he served in the census bureaus from 1990 to 1992, Robert M. Groves favored sampling, rather than Actual Enumeration.  In 1999, Doc v. United States House of Representatives, 525 U.S. 316 (1999) ruled that sampling cannot be used in the count used for redistricting the House, but can be used in all other Census reports.  Statisticians now estimate that the 1990 Census missed about 4.7 million people who should have been counted.  They estimate that the 2000 Census OVERcounted by about two million, as people who moved around were counted twice.<ref> See Freedman and Wachter (2004) pp. 6-8</ref>
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When he served in the census bureaus from 1990 to 1992, Robert M. Groves favored sampling, rather than Actual Enumeration.  In 1999, Doc v. United States House of Representatives, 525 U.S. 316 (1999) ruled that sampling cannot be used in the count used for redistricting the House, but can be used in all other Census reports.   
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==Undercount and Overcount==
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Statisticians now estimate that the 1990 Census missed about 4.7 million people who should have been counted.  However, they estimate that the 2000 Census OVERcounted by about two million, as people who moved around were counted twice.<ref> See Freedman and Wachter (2004) pp. 6-8</ref>
    
==Further reading==
 
==Further reading==
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