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Line 102: − *[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1074984,00.html "The Definitive Reinhold Niebuhr"], Richard N. Ostling, ''[[Time magazine]]'' Jan. 20, 1986
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==Career==
==Career==
Niebuhr grew up in Lincoln, Illinois, where his father Gustav was a pastor in a German-speaking Evangelical congregation.<ref>The Evangelical denomination was the American branch of the established Prussian Church Union in Germany; it is Calvinist and is now part of the United Church of Christ.</ref> His brother H. Richard Niebuhr became a famous historian of religion, and another brother Hulda Niebuhr became a divinity professor in Chicago. He attended Elmhurst College, Eden Theological Seminary and Yale Divinity School, noting that Yale gave him intellectual liberation. Ordained in the Evangelical Synod of North America (1915), he served as pastor of the Bethel Evangelical Church in Detroit, until 1928, when he became professor of Christian ethics and the philosophy of religion at Union Theological Seminary in New York City until his retirement in 1960.
Niebuhr grew up in Lincoln, Illinois, where his father Gustav was a pastor in a German-speaking Evangelical congregation.<ref>The Evangelical denomination was the American branch of the established Prussian Church Union in Germany; it is Calvinist and is now part of the United Church of Christ.</ref> His family spoke German; his brother H. Richard Niebuhr became a famous historian of religion, and another brother Hulda Niebuhr became a divinity professor in Chicago. He attended Elmhurst College, Eden Theological Seminary and took a master's degree (but not a doctorate) at Yale Divinity School, noting that Yale gave him intellectual liberation. Ordained in the Evangelical Synod of North America (1915), he served as pastor of the Bethel Evangelical Church in Detroit, until 1928, when he became professor of Christian ethics and the philosophy of religion at Union Theological Seminary in New York City until his retirement in 1960. In 1931 he married Ursula Keppel-Compton, a learned and religious woman who later became chairman of the Religious Department at Barnard College; they had two children.
===World War I===
===World War I===
* Craig, Campbell. "The New Meaning of Modern War in the Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr." ''Journal of the History of Ideas" 1992 53(4): 687-701 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2709944 in JSTOR]
* Craig, Campbell. "The New Meaning of Modern War in the Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr." ''Journal of the History of Ideas" 1992 53(4): 687-701 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2709944 in JSTOR]
* Doenecke, Justus D. "Reinhold Niebuhr and his Critics: The Interventionist Controversy in World War II." ''Anglican and Episcopal History'' 1995 64(4): 459-481. 0896-8039, by a leading conservative historian
* Doenecke, Justus D. "Reinhold Niebuhr and his Critics: The Interventionist Controversy in World War II." ''Anglican and Episcopal History'' 1995 64(4): 459-481. 0896-8039, by a leading conservative historian
* Fox, Richard Wightman. ''Reinhold Niebuhr: A Biography.'' (1985). 325 pp. the standard scholarly biography; a well-researched, fair, and engaging treatment of Niebuhr's theological and political work that emphasizes his skill in working with Scripture and in interpreting human nature and the human condition.
* Fox, Richard Wightman. ''Reinhold Niebuhr: A Biography.'' (1985). 325 pp. the standard scholarly biography; a well-researched, fair, and engaging treatment of Niebuhr's theological and political work that emphasizes his skill in working with Scripture and in interpreting human nature and the human condition. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1074984,00.html online review]
* Harland, Gordon. ''The Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr'' (1960) [http://www.questia.com/read/1614760?title=The%20Thought%20of%20Reinhold%20Niebuhr online edition]
* Harland, Gordon. ''The Thought of Reinhold Niebuhr'' (1960) [http://www.questia.com/read/1614760?title=The%20Thought%20of%20Reinhold%20Niebuhr online edition]
* Novak, Michael. "Father of Neoconservatives: Nowadays, the Truest Disciples of the Liberal Theologian Reinhold Niebuhr Are Conservatives," ''National Review,'' Vol. 44, May 11, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/read/5002175937?title=Father%20of%20Neoconservatives%3a%20Nowadays%2c%20the%20Truest%20Disciples%20of%20the%20Liberal%20Theologian%20Reinhold%20Niebuhr%20Are%20Conservatives online edition], sees Niebuhr as a conservative
* Novak, Michael. "Father of Neoconservatives: Nowadays, the Truest Disciples of the Liberal Theologian Reinhold Niebuhr Are Conservatives," ''National Review,'' Vol. 44, May 11, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/read/5002175937?title=Father%20of%20Neoconservatives%3a%20Nowadays%2c%20the%20Truest%20Disciples%20of%20the%20Liberal%20Theologian%20Reinhold%20Niebuhr%20Are%20Conservatives online edition], sees Niebuhr as a conservative
* Niebuhr, Reinhold. ''The Essential Reinhold Niebuhr: Selected Essays and Addresses'' ed. by Robert McAffee Brown (1986). 264 pp.
* Niebuhr, Reinhold. ''The Essential Reinhold Niebuhr: Selected Essays and Addresses'' ed. by Robert McAffee Brown (1986). 264 pp.
* Niebuhr, Reinhold. ''Reinhold Niebuhr on Politics: His Political Philosophy and Its Application to Our Age as Expressed in His Writings'' ed. by Harry R. Davis and Robert C. Good. (1960) [http://www.questia.com/read/11174295?title=Reinhold%20Niebuhr%20on%20Politics%3a%20His%20Political%20Philosophy%20and%20Its%20Application%20to%20Our%20Age%20as%20Expressed%20in%20His%20Writings online edition]
* Niebuhr, Reinhold. ''Reinhold Niebuhr on Politics: His Political Philosophy and Its Application to Our Age as Expressed in His Writings'' ed. by Harry R. Davis and Robert C. Good. (1960) [http://www.questia.com/read/11174295?title=Reinhold%20Niebuhr%20on%20Politics%3a%20His%20Political%20Philosophy%20and%20Its%20Application%20to%20Our%20Age%20as%20Expressed%20in%20His%20Writings online edition]
* Niebuhr, Reinhold. "Leaves from the Notebook of a Tamed Cynic'' (1929), a diary
* Niebuhr, Reinhold. ''Remembering Reinhold Niebuhr'' (1991), his letters, edited by his wife, Ursula Niebuhr.
==References==
==References==
==External links==
==External links==
[http://www.timelifepictures.com/source/search/FrameSet.aspx?s=ImagesSearchState%7c0%7c0%7c-1%7c28%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c1%7c%7c%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c9%7c%7cReinhold+Niebuhr%7c16384%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0&p=9&tag=1 19 images of Niebuhr] from ''[[Life Magazine]]'' (1948-1959)
[http://www.timelifepictures.com/source/search/FrameSet.aspx?s=ImagesSearchState%7c0%7c0%7c-1%7c28%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c1%7c%7c%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c9%7c%7cReinhold+Niebuhr%7c16384%7c0%7c0%7c0%7c0&p=9&tag=1 19 images of Niebuhr] from ''[[Life Magazine]]'' (1948-1959)
*[http://www.archive.org/details/reinholdniebuhrp00daviiala ''Reinhold Niebuhr : prophet from America'']
*[http://www.archive.org/details/reinholdniebuhrp00daviiala ''Reinhold Niebuhr : prophet from America'']
*[http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/niebuhr-rediscovered/particulars.shtml The Public Theology of Reinhold Niebuhr]
*[http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/niebuhr-rediscovered/particulars.shtml The Public Theology of Reinhold Niebuhr]