Changes

==The Communazi era==

==The Communazi era==

The [[Hilter-Stalin pact]] of 1939 presented the most troubling dilemma for American Communists.  It came on the heels of the bloody anti-Trotskyite [[Great Purges]] in which many [[CPUSA]] members quit the party with apprehension and fear over what the Party had become.  Those who remained, for the most part, were dedicated anti-fascists.  However, with the coming of the Communazi era wherein German Chancellor [[Adolf Hitler]] became an ally of the [[Soviet Union]] against French and British Imperialism, only the most ardent [[Stalinist]]s remained in the party who were willing to overlook, and justify, Stalin's murderous excesses. Among them were Frank Marshall Davis.

The [[Hilter-Stalin pact]] of 1939 presented the most troubling dilemma for American Communists.  It came on the heels of the bloody anti-Trotskyite [[Great Purges]] in which many [[CPUSA]] members quit the party with apprehension and fear over what the Party had become.  Those who remained during the purges were, for the most part, dedicated anti-fascists.  However, with the coming of the Communazi era wherein German Chancellor [[Adolf Hitler]] became an ally of the [[Soviet Union]] against French and British Imperialism, only the most ardent [[Stalinist]]s remained in the party who were willing to overlook, and justify, Stalin's murderous excesses. Among them were Frank Marshall Davis.

Davis became an articulate opponent of [[President Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[Lend Lease]] aid to Great Britain.  Speaking to an audience of the communist front [[National Negro Congress]] in 1940, Davis said,  

Davis became an articulate opponent of [[President Franklin Roosevelt]]'s policy of [[Lend Lease]] aid to Great Britain.  Speaking to an audience of the communist front [[National Negro Congress]] in 1940, Davis said,  

{{Cquote|Negroes and the whole American people are being called upon to 'sacrifice for national defense.' Our country may soon be actively engaged in another war. Facing this crisis, the people are forced to think and to act lest, under the wave of war hysteria, they be bludgeoned into situations against their best interest.<ref>Illinois Conference of the National Negro Congress, November 9th - 10th, 1940, cited in [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/hawaii-obama.pdf ''Communism in Hawaii and the Obama Connection''] by Cliff kincaid and Herbert Romerstein, p.15-16, 38, 42.</ref>}}  

{{Cquote|Negroes and the whole American people are being called upon to 'sacrifice for national defense.' Our country may soon be actively engaged in another war. Facing this crisis, the people are forced to think and to act lest, under the wave of war hysteria, they be bludgeoned into situations against their best interest.<ref>Illinois Conference of the National Negro Congress, November 9th - 10th, 1940, cited in [http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/hawaii-obama.pdf ''Communism in Hawaii and the Obama Connection''] by Cliff Kincaid and Herbert Romerstein, p.15-16, 38, 42.</ref>}}  

Roosevelt was known among communists at this time as an "imperialist war-monger"<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportoncivilrig1947unit#page/3/mode/1up Report on Civil Rights Congress as a communist front organization.] Investigation of un-American activities in the United States, Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eightieth Congress, first session. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. September 2, 1947. p.3.</ref> and "Franklin Demagogue Roosevelt," but when Hitler turned on his ally and attacked the Soviet Union, American Communists echoed new dictates of the [[Kremlin]] by abandoning [[isolationism]] and supporting Lend Lease.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285&dq=Franklin+Demagogue+Roosevelt&source=bl&ots=Yk_MEVDhxs&sig=UEe0UP2DQTdvGqL6gu9wXXJ6bDY&hl=en&ei=WgdtSsXOGIz8sgO4v-HKDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 ''The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors''], Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, Washington, DC, Regnery, 2000.</ref>

Roosevelt was known among communists at this time as an "imperialist war-monger"<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/reportoncivilrig1947unit#page/3/mode/1up Report on Civil Rights Congress as a communist front organization.] Investigation of un-American activities in the United States, Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eightieth Congress, first session. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. September 2, 1947. p.3.</ref> and "Franklin Demagogue Roosevelt," but when Hitler turned on his ally and attacked the Soviet Union, American Communists echoed new dictates of the [[Kremlin]] by abandoning [[isolationism]] overnight and supporting Lend Lease.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC&pg=PA285&lpg=PA285&dq=Franklin+Demagogue+Roosevelt&source=bl&ots=Yk_MEVDhxs&sig=UEe0UP2DQTdvGqL6gu9wXXJ6bDY&hl=en&ei=WgdtSsXOGIz8sgO4v-HKDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 ''The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors''], Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, Washington, DC, Regnery, 2000.</ref>

==Communist activities in Chicago==

==Communist activities in Chicago==

According to Davis he met [[CPUSA]] Central Committeeman [[Harry Bridges]] in 1945 while on the faculty of the [[Abraham Lincoln School]]<ref>Frank Marshall Davis, ''Livin' the Blues, Memoirs of a Black Journalist and Poet'', University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1992, p 311. [http://books.google.com/books?id=BabHjAEzkdwC&dq=Frank+Marshall+Davis,+Livin'+the+Blues,+Memoirs+of+a+Black+Journalist+and+Poet,+University+of+Wisconsin+Press,+Madison,+1992&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=EHN_Supoj4y0A4qwje8K&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false]</ref> in Chicago, cited as a [[subversive]] organization by U.S. Attorney General [[Tom Clark]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/guidetosubversiv1951aunit/guidetosubversiv1951aunit_djvu.txt Guide to subversive organizations and publications (and appendix) (1951)] United States. Congress. [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]]. Washington U.S. Govt. Print. Office.  "1. Cited as an adjunct of the Communist Party. (Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review  

According to Davis he met [[CPUSA]] Central Committeeman [[Harry Bridges]] in 1945 while on the faculty of the [[Abraham Lincoln School]]<ref>Frank Marshall Davis, [http://books.google.com/books?id=BabHjAEzkdwC&dq=Frank+Marshall+Davis,+Livin'+the+Blues,+Memoirs+of+a+Black+Journalist+and+Poet,+University+of+Wisconsin+Press,+Madison,+1992&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=EHN_Supoj4y0A4qwje8K&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Livin' the Blues, Memoirs of a Black Journalist and Poet'',] University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1992, p 311.</ref> in Chicago, cited as a [[subversive]] organization by U.S. Attorney General [[Tom Clark]]<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/guidetosubversiv1951aunit/guidetosubversiv1951aunit_djvu.txt Guide to subversive organizations and publications (and appendix) (1951)] United States. Congress. [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]]. Washington U.S. Govt. Print. Office.  "1. Cited as an adjunct of the Communist Party. (Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review  

Board, released December 4, 1947.) 2. Successor of the Workers School as a "Communist educational medium" in Chicago. (Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, March 29, 1944, V- 82.) 3. Cited as a "Communist institution." (California Committee on Un-American Activities, Report,  

Board, released December 4, 1947.) 2. Successor of the Workers School as a "Communist educational medium" in Chicago. (Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, March 29, 1944, V- 82.) 3. Cited as a "Communist institution." (California Committee on Un-American Activities, Report,  

1948, pp. 95 and 120.)"</ref> under Executive Order 10450.<ref>[http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/davis.FBI.File.pdf FBI file Frank Marshall Davis], Summary file edited by Cliff Kincaid, p. 11, 14, 16, 17.</ref><ref>[http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/10450.html Executive Order 10450]--Security requirements for Government employment.</ref>  Davis worked for several other organizations on the [[Attorney General's List of Totalitarian, Fascist, Communist, Subversive, and Other Organizations]] including the [[American Youth for Democracy]], [[National Association for Constitutional Liberties]], [[League of American Writers]], and [[National Negro Congress]], according to the Reports of the Commission on Subversive Activities of the Territory of Hawaii.  Davis also wrote for the Chicago communist publication ''the [[Chicago Star]]''.

1948, pp. 95 and 120.)"</ref> under Executive Order 10450.<ref>[http://www.usasurvival.org/docs/davis.FBI.File.pdf FBI file Frank Marshall Davis], Summary file edited by Cliff Kincaid, p. 11, 14, 16, 17.</ref><ref>[http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/10450.html Executive Order 10450]--Security requirements for Government employment.</ref>  Davis was associated with several other organizations on the [[Attorney General's List of Totalitarian, Fascist, Communist, Subversive, and Other Organizations]] including the [[American Youth for Democracy]], [[National Association for Constitutional Liberties]], [[League of American Writers]], and the [[National Negro Congress]], according to the Reports of the Commission on Subversive Activities of the Territory of Hawaii.  Davis also wrote for the Chicago communist publication the ''[[Chicago Star]]''.

[[Image:Fmdavis1.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Excerpt from the 1953 and 1954 Reports of the Commission on Subversive Activities of the Territory of Hawaii.<ref>''Scope of Soviet Activities in the United States.'' Hearings before the [[Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act]] and other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress Second Session, Part 41A, Appendix II, pp. 2696-2699.</ref>]]

[[Image:Fmdavis1.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Excerpt from the 1953 and 1954 Reports of the Commission on Subversive Activities of the Territory of Hawaii.<ref>''Scope of Soviet Activities in the United States.'' Hearings before the [[Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act]] and other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress Second Session, Part 41A, Appendix II, pp. 2696-2699.</ref>]]

Davis, like [[Nathan Gregory Silvermaster]], was in the [[FBI]]'s security index, meaning he could be arrested and detained in the event of a national emergency.

Davis, like [[Nathan Gregory Silvermaster]], was in the [[FBI]]'s security index, meaning he could be arrested and detained in the event of a national emergency.

===ILWU===

===ILWU===

Upon Davis's arrival in Hawaii he met with ILWU regional director Jack Hall,[http://archives.starbulletin.com/1999/09/13/news/story7.html] <ref>Frank Marshall Davis: Black Labor Activist and Outsider Journalist: Kathryn Waddell Takara, Ph.D.</ref><ref>[http://www.aim.org/aim-report/the-frank-marshall-davis-network/ ''The Frank Marshall Davis Network,''] By Andrew Walden, AIM Report, September 1, 2008.</ref> convicted under the [[Smith Act]] for conspiracy to overthrow the United States Government.  The ILWU controlled both the ''Honolulu Record''<ref>[http://www.americanthinker.com/2008/07/what_barack_obama_learned_from.html What Barack Obama learned from the Communist Party,] By Andrew Walden, '''American Thinker'', July 8 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/scopeofsovietact411956unit#page/n248/mode/1up Scope of Soviet activity in the United States.] Hearing before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress, second session - Eighty-fifth Congress, first session. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. (1956), pp. 2679-2681.</ref> and the ILWU Book Club.  Among the authors made available through the ILWU Book Club were [[Saul Alinsky]], [[Howard Fast]], [[Philip S. Foner]], [[Carl Marzani]] and [[Victor Perlo]].   

Upon Davis's assignment to Hawaii he met with ILWU regional director Jack Hall,[http://archives.starbulletin.com/1999/09/13/news/story7.html] <ref>Frank Marshall Davis: Black Labor Activist and Outsider Journalist: Kathryn Waddell Takara, Ph.D.</ref><ref>[http://www.aim.org/aim-report/the-frank-marshall-davis-network/ ''The Frank Marshall Davis Network,''] By Andrew Walden, AIM Report, September 1, 2008.</ref> convicted under the [[Smith Act]] for conspiracy to overthrow the United States Government.  The ILWU controlled both the ''Honolulu Record''<ref>[http://www.americanthinker.com/2008/07/what_barack_obama_learned_from.html What Barack Obama learned from the Communist Party,] By Andrew Walden, ''American Thinker'', July 8 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/scopeofsovietact411956unit#page/n248/mode/1up Scope of Soviet activity in the United States.] Hearing before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Eighty-fourth Congress, second session - Eighty-fifth Congress, first session. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off. (1956), pp. 2679-2681.</ref> and the ILWU Book Club.  Among the authors made available through the ILWU Book Club were [[Saul Alinsky]], [[Howard Fast]], [[Philip S. Foner]], [[Carl Marzani]] and [[Victor Perlo]].   

Marzani, like Ariyoshi, was a [[KGB]] agent working in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] during [[World War II]].  Victor Perlo headed the notorious [[Perlo group]] of which the full extent of damage done to American [[national security]] may never be known.  Perlo's book, ''American Imperialism'',<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-5850(195201)28%3A1%3C132%3AAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4&cookieSet=1 Review], Nancy Balfour, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 28, No. 1 (Jan., 1952).</ref> offered through the ILWU Book Club, was used for [[brainwash]]ing American prisoners of war in [[North Korean]] reeducation camps.  Perlo always denied being a communist, claiming he had only been "helping in my humble way to carry out the great [[New Deal]] program under the leadership of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]" until 1981 when he was appointed to the [[CPUSA]] [[Politburo]] and openly criticized [[CPSU]] General Secretary [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] and [[Russia]]n President [[Boris Yeltsin]] for betraying [[Stalinism]].<ref>[http://mltoday.com/en/the-economic-and-political-crisis-in-the-ussr-146.html ''The Economic and Political Crisis in the USSR'', Victor Perlo] [[Political Affairs]], August 1991.</ref><ref>[http://www.blythe.org/nytransfer-subs/98rad/Lessons_from_Cuba,_then_and_now ''Lessons from Cuba, then and now'', Victor and Ellen Perlo] [[People's Weekly World]], 31 January 1998.</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20050620045117/http://agitprop.org.au/stopnato/1999112015.php ''War and the US Economy'', Vic Perlo] Political Affairs (US), July 1999.</ref>

Marzani, like Ariyoshi, was a [[KGB]] agent working in the [[Office of Strategic Services]] during [[World War II]].  Victor Perlo headed the notorious [[Perlo group]] of which the full extent of damage done to American [[national security]] may never be known.  Perlo's book, ''American Imperialism'',<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-5850(195201)28%3A1%3C132%3AAI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4&cookieSet=1 Review], Nancy Balfour, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), Vol. 28, No. 1 (Jan., 1952).</ref> offered through the ILWU Book Club, was used for [[brainwash]]ing American prisoners of war in [[North Korean]] reeducation camps.  Perlo always denied being a communist, claiming he had only been "helping in my humble way to carry out the great [[New Deal]] program under the leadership of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]" until 1981 when he was appointed to the [[CPUSA]] [[Politburo]] and openly criticized [[CPSU]] General Secretary [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] and [[Russia]]n President [[Boris Yeltsin]] for betraying [[Stalinism]].<ref>[http://mltoday.com/en/the-economic-and-political-crisis-in-the-ussr-146.html ''The Economic and Political Crisis in the USSR'', Victor Perlo] [[Political Affairs]], August 1991.</ref><ref>[http://www.blythe.org/nytransfer-subs/98rad/Lessons_from_Cuba,_then_and_now ''Lessons from Cuba, then and now'', Victor and Ellen Perlo] [[People's Weekly World]], 31 January 1998.</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20050620045117/http://agitprop.org.au/stopnato/1999112015.php ''War and the US Economy'', Vic Perlo] Political Affairs (US), July 1999.</ref>

{{Cquote|I had also talked with [[Paul Robeson]] who the previous year had appeared there in a series of concerts sponsored by the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), the most powerful labor organization in the territory.... I also wrote to [[Harry Bridges]], head of the ILWU, whom I had met at Lincoln School.  He suggested I get in touch with [[Koji Ariyoshi]], editor of the ''Honolulu Record'', a newspaper that was generally similar to the ''[[Chicago Star]]''."<ref>Frank Marshall Davis, ''Livin' the Blues, Memoirs of a Black Journalist and Poet'', University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1992, p 311.</ref>}}

{{Cquote|I had also talked with [[Paul Robeson]] who the previous year had appeared there in a series of concerts sponsored by the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), the most powerful labor organization in the territory.... I also wrote to [[Harry Bridges]], head of the ILWU, whom I had met at Lincoln School.  He suggested I get in touch with [[Koji Ariyoshi]], editor of the ''Honolulu Record'', a newspaper that was generally similar to the ''[[Chicago Star]]''."<ref>Frank Marshall Davis, ''Livin' the Blues, Memoirs of a Black Journalist and Poet'', University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1992, p 311.</ref>}}

Robeson, Bridges and Ariyoshi were all Communist party operatives.  Davis authored a regular weekly column in the ''Honolulu Record'' entitled "Frankly Speaking."  When Davis' column first appeared in May 1949, the ''Record'' boasted he was a member of the national executive board of the [[Civil Rights Congress]], cited as a Communist subversive organization by [[Truman]] Attorney General [[Tom Clark]].  Under the sponsorship of the Civil Rights Congress, Davis signed a statement in defense of [[Gerhart Eisler]], the notorious [[Comintern]] agent who escaped jail by fleeing to [[East Germany]].

Robeson, Bridges and Ariyoshi were all Communist party operatives.  Davis was given a regular weekly column in the ''Honolulu Record'' entitled "Frankly Speaking."  When Davis' column first appeared in May 1949, the ''Record'' boasted he was a member of the national executive board of the [[Civil Rights Congress]], cited as a Communist subversive organization by [[Truman]] Attorney General [[Tom Clark]].  Under the sponsorship of the Civil Rights Congress, Davis signed a statement in defense of [[Gerhart Eisler]], the notorious [[Comintern]] agent who escaped jail by fleeing to [[East Germany]].

Edward Berman of the local chapter of the NAACP sent a letter in 1949 to the acting National Secretary of the [[NAACP]], [[Roy Wilkins]], stating

Edward Berman of the local chapter of the NAACP sent a letter in 1949 to the acting National Secretary of the [[NAACP]], [[Roy Wilkins]], stating