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→Medieval period
==Medieval period==
==Medieval period==
===Christian missionaries===
Although there was some earlier missionary work, the conversion of the Scottish people dates from the arrival of St. Columba in 563 AD. This was part of a major migration of Christian Scots from northern Ireland, where Christianity had been well established for a century. Columba's base was his monastery on the island of Iona. Columba reached beyond his own people the Scots and converted the king of the Picts at Inverness. The Irish style of Christianity differed in organization and liturgy from the English varierty that was working its way northward from Kent. At the Synod of Whitby (663 AD) the king of Northumbria, after listening to the advocates of the rival rites, decided in favor of the Roman rites. The Scots went along, and Iona finally agreed about 720 AD. The substitution of Roman for Irish religious ties had a profound effect on Scotland, for it drew the country more closely into the mainstream of European civilization.
===Politics===
About 840AD the Celtic King Kenneth I (reigned 843-58) united the tribal Picts and the Scots and formed a kingdom in central Scotland. Later kings expanded the realm to include Strathclyde and Lothian. This Celtic monarchy lasted until Macbeth's bloody reign ended (1057); he was killed and replaced by Malcolm III. Under Malcolm and his successors, especially King David I (reigned 1124-53), Scotland became an organized feudal state
About 840AD the Celtic King Kenneth I (reigned 843-58) united the tribal Picts and the Scots and formed a kingdom in central Scotland. Later kings expanded the realm to include Strathclyde and Lothian. This Celtic monarchy lasted until Macbeth's bloody reign ended (1057); he was killed and replaced by Malcolm III. Under Malcolm and his successors, especially King David I (reigned 1124-53), Scotland became an organized feudal state
==Reformation==
Inspired by theologian [[John Knox]] (1510-1572), the Scottish Reformation made the nation Calvinist, with a strong Presbyterian Church. See [[Church of Scotland]].
Inspired by theologian [[John Knox]] (1510-1572), the Scottish Reformation made the nation Calvinist, with a strong Presbyterian Church. See [[Church of Scotland]].
==Union==
==Union==
In 1603, James VI King of Scotland also took the throne of England as King [[James I of England]]. He was the first of the Stuart dynasty that ruled England until 1714. With the exception of a short period under [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell's Protectorate]] (1653-58), Scotland remained a separate entity but shared the same king with England.
In 1603, James VI King of Scotland also took the throne of England as King [[James I of England]]. He was the first of the Stuart dynasty that ruled England until 1714. With the exception of a short period under [[Oliver Cromwell|Cromwell's Protectorate]] (1653-58), Scotland remained a separate entity but shared the same king with England.