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==History and Culture==

==History and Culture==

First settled by the Celts around 500 B.C., Vienna was an important settlement in the Roman Empire, which called it Vindobona. By the 17th century - when the court was moved from [[Prague]] to Vienna -  it was the seat of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], ruled by the Hapsburg dynasty, which continued to reign into the early years of the 20th-century. In the "Anschluss" of 1938, Vienna capitulated under control of the [[Third Reich]]. After [[WWII]], the city  was governed by the [[Allied Commission for Austria]]  for three years. (Like Germany, Austria became divided into an American, British, French and Russian zone, and this division was mimicked by the administration of Vienna.) Since 1948, Vienna has been the capital of the Republic of Austria.

First settled by the Celts around 500 B.C., Vienna was an important settlement in the Roman Empire, which called it Vindobona. By the 17th century - when the court was moved from [[Prague]] to Vienna -  it was the seat of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], ruled by the Hapsburg dynasty, which continued to reign into the early years of the 20th-century. In the "Anschluss" of 1938, Vienna capitulated under control of the [[Third Reich]]. After [[WWII]], the city  was governed by the [[Allied Commission for Austria]]  for ten years. (Like Germany, Austria became divided into an American, British, French and Russian zone, and this division was mimicked by the administration of Vienna.) Since 1955, Vienna has been the capital of the Republic of Austria.

Vienna has one of the richest cultural histories of any city in [[Europe]], with a particularly impressive musical tradition - the First Viennese School of composers consisted of [[Haydn]], [[Mozart]], [[Beethoven]] and [[Schubert]], whilst later the [[Waltz|waltzes]] and operettas of [[Johann Strauss]] Jr. came to epitomize the city's imperial grandeur and elegance. Johannes [[Brahms]] also made his home in Vienna, whose streets he claimed to know inside-and-out from his long walks around the city. Anton Bruckner, the composer of nine symphonies, taught harmony at the Vienna Academy for Music and Dramatic Arts; his admirer  [[Gustav Mahler]] became conductor of the Vienna State Opera in 1897 and wrote his nine symphonies evoking Vienna's peculiar juxtaposition of the urban and the pastoral.

Vienna has one of the richest cultural histories of any city in [[Europe]], with a particularly impressive musical tradition - the First Viennese School of composers consisted of [[Haydn]], [[Mozart]], [[Beethoven]] and [[Schubert]], whilst later the [[Waltz|waltzes]] and operettas of [[Johann Strauss]] Jr. came to epitomize the city's imperial grandeur and elegance. Johannes [[Brahms]] also made his home in Vienna, whose streets he claimed to know inside-and-out from his long walks around the city. Anton Bruckner, the composer of nine symphonies, taught harmony at the Vienna Academy for Music and Dramatic Arts; his admirer  [[Gustav Mahler]] became conductor of the Vienna State Opera in 1897 and wrote his nine symphonies evoking Vienna's peculiar juxtaposition of the urban and the pastoral.