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==France==
==France==
The Catholic Church eagerly cooperated with the scouting movement in many countries, including the United States. In France the Catholic scouting movement emphasized social usefulness. Scouting tended to produce elites and, in the case of religious-based movements, implant moral rigor and attachment to internalized values from an early age.<ref>Philippe Laneyrie, "Quarante Ans de Scoutisme Catholique en Region Stephanoise (1925-1965): Modalites D'implantation et Role Social," ("40 years of Catholic scouting in the Saint-Etienne area, 1925-65: patterns of implantation and social role") ''Cahiers d'Histoire'' 1989 34(2): 135-159</ref>
The Catholic Church eagerly cooperated with the scouting movement in many countries, including the United States. In France the Catholic scouting movement emphasized social usefulness. Scouting tended to produce elites and, in the case of religious-based movements, implant moral rigor and attachment to internalized values from an early age. The French scout movement tried to educate the sons of the middle class to take their place as the social, military, and colonial elite by inculcating a particular set of heirarchical conservative values within a total educational schema. The idea was to redirect the sexual, aggressive, and religious instincts and energies of boys into total control of their imagination through a series of games and outdoor activities. Ignoring the working class, this elitist pedagogy was intended to instil a religious, patriotic, and militaristic ethic through which boys would follow their chief and which would constitute their entire being. <ref>Philippe Laneyrie, "Quarante Ans de Scoutisme Catholique en Region Stephanoise (1925-1965): Modalites D'implantation et Role Social," ("40 years of Catholic scouting in the Saint-Etienne area, 1925-65: patterns of implantation and social role") ''Cahiers d'Histoire'' 1989 34(2): 135-159</ref>
==Eastern Europe==
The norms, rules, and educational methods used in the Polish Scouts' Association between 1919 and 1939, stressed national and patriotic values, absent from the original Baden-Powell model.
In Hungary by 1919 the scouting movement had fewer than 2,000 members. Politicians, church leaders, and the military tried to secure and control the leadership of the organization. Constant disagreement among the leaders on all relevant points brought the scouts to disarray; no individual was able to decide whether religion, education, character building, leadership, nationalistic militarism, patriotism, or political orientation was the eventual aim to be followed. The boys, aged 8-15, were unaware of this disharmony and enjoyed scouting and the benefits offered by the movement.
==China==
==China==