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== The Pact of Umar ==

== The Pact of Umar ==

According to the [[Islamic traditions]] , the Pact of Umar II (cc. 717) was a treaty negotiated between [[Caliph]] [[Umar II]] of the [[Umayyad Dynasty]] (d.720) and the [[Christians]] of [[Byzantine Syria|Syria]]. The Pact of Umar II, commonly referred to simply as "The Pact of Umar" capitalized on the negotiations between [[Umar Al Khittab]] of the [[Rashidun]] Caliphs and the [[Christian community]] in [[Byzantine Jerusalem]. The document served to cement the concept of the "protected status" ([[Dhimma]] in Arabic) for Jew's and Christians ruled by the Caliphate. The historicity of the document has been questioned extensively, however regardless of the circumstances of its actual transmission, it remains a formative concept in [[Islamic jurisprudence|Sharia]] to the present day.

According to the [[Islamic traditions]] , the Pact of Umar II (cc. 717) was a treaty negotiated between [[Caliph]] [[Umar II]] of the [[Umayyad Dynasty]] (d.720) and the [[Christians]] of [[Byzantine Syria|Syria]]. The Pact of Umar II, commonly referred to simply as "The Pact of Umar" capitalized on the negotiations between [[Umar Al Khittab]] of the [[Rashidun]] Caliphs and the [[Christian community]] in [[Byzantine Jerusalem]]. The document served to cement the concept of the "protected status" ([[Dhimma]] in Arabic) for Jew's and Christians ruled by the Caliphate. The historicity of the document has been questioned extensively, however regardless of the circumstances of its actual transmission, it remains a formative concept in [[Islamic jurisprudence|Sharia]] to the present day.

== Source Text ==

== Source Text ==