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==Biological research==

==Biological research==

The idea that homosexuality has a biological cause can be traced back to the preliminary findings of neuroscientist Dr. Simon LeVay in 1991. LeVay's studied the brains of 41 cadavers, which included 19 homosexual males, and claimed that "a tiny area believed to control sexual activity [the hypothalamus] was less than half the size in the gay men than in the heterosexuals."<ref>Charlene Crabb, ''Are Some Men Born to Be Homosexual?'', U. S. News & World Report, 9 September 1991, p. 58</ref>S. LeVay, "A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between heterosexual and Homosexual Men," Science 253 (1991), pp. 1034-37.   This study was immediately seized upon by many as a proof that homosexuality was biologically determined.  

The idea that homosexuality has a biological cause can be traced back to the preliminary findings of neuroscientist Dr. Simon LeVay in 1991. LeVay's studied the brains of 41 cadavers, which included 19 homosexual males, and claimed that "a tiny area believed to control sexual activity [the hypothalamus] was less than half the size in the gay men than in the heterosexuals."<ref>Charlene Crabb, ''Are Some Men Born to Be Homosexual?'', U. S. News & World Report, 9 September 1991, p. 58</ref><ref>S. LeVay, "A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between heterosexual and Homosexual Men," Science 253 (1991), pp. 1034-37</ref>   This study was immediately seized upon by many as proof that homosexuality was biologically determined.  

However, further scrutiny showed their hasty conclusions a critically lacking warrant.  

However, further scrutiny showed their hasty conclusions a critically lacking warrant.  

Here again, how AIDS might have factored in this difference is an issue, and the findings of this study were overall in contradiction to another study published in 1988, which  found, in part, that the anterior commissure was larger in men than in women.<ref>S. Demeter et al., "Morphometric analysis of the human corpus callosum and anterior commissure," Human Neurobiology 6 1988), pp. 219-26</ref>  

Here again, how AIDS might have factored in this difference is an issue, and the findings of this study were overall in contradiction to another study published in 1988, which  found, in part, that the anterior commissure was larger in men than in women.<ref>S. Demeter et al., "Morphometric analysis of the human corpus callosum and anterior commissure," Human Neurobiology 6 1988), pp. 219-26</ref>  

A 1991 study of twins by  Michael Bailey and Richard Pillard was also promoted as evidencing biological determination of homosexuality, but which conclusion was soon found to be problematic, and contrary to other studies.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/homotheo.html</ref><ref>[http://www.biblebelievers.com/Cameron4.html  Dr. Paul Cameron, ''Born WHAT Way?'']</ref>  

A 1991 study of twins by  Michael Bailey and Richard Pillard was also promoted as evidencing biological determination of homosexuality, but which conclusion was soon found to be lacking in warrant, and contrary to other studies.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/homotheo.html</ref><ref>[http://www.biblebelievers.com/Cameron4.html  Dr. Paul Cameron, ''Born WHAT Way?'']</ref>  

That blood chemistry as well as brains can change over time in response to environment and lifestyle has been documented by studies.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/bioresearch.html</ref><ref>Dr. Jeffrey Satinover, ''The Biology of Homosexuality: Science or Politics?''</ref><ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/bioresearch.html</ref>  

That blood chemistry as well as brains can change over time in response to environment and lifestyle has been documented by studies.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/bioresearch.html</ref><ref>Dr. Jeffrey Satinover, ''The Biology of Homosexuality: Science or Politics?''</ref><ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/bioresearch.html</ref>