Changes

== Johnny Got His Gun and HUAC ==

== Johnny Got His Gun and HUAC ==

His most famous work is perhaps ''Johnny Got His Gun'', a bitterly anti-war novel that won him the National Book Sellers Award in 1939.  The book follows the thoughts of a young [[World War I]] American infantryman who becomes a quadruple [[amputee]], as well as deaf, mute, and blind. Having no way to communicate with the outside world, the main character spends most of the book reminiscing about his life and meditating on the futility of [[war]] and medical ethics. The book was released  shortly before the [[World_War_II#Polish_Partition|Polish partition]] in 1939. In 1941, during the Second World War, the publishers allowed the book to go out of print. When fans wrote to Trumbo requesting copies of the book, he turned their names over to the FBI, questioning their commitment to the allied war effort.<ref>Trumbo, Dalton. ''Johnny Got his Gun.'' 1939, introduction.</ref>

His most famous work is perhaps ''Johnny Got His Gun'', a bitterly anti-war novel that won him the National Book Sellers Award in 1939.  The book follows the thoughts of a young [[World War I]] American infantryman who becomes a quadruple [[amputee]], as well as deaf, mute, and blind. Having no way to communicate with the outside world, he spends most of the book reminiscing about his life and meditating on the futility of [[war]] and medical ethics. The book was published in 1939, during the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]], when the Party line was to keep the U.S. from interfering in Hitler and Stalin's division of Europe. After the collapse of the pact, Trumbo, like the Party line, reversed course, becoming fanatically pro-war. When fans wrote to Trumbo requesting copies of the book, he turned them in to the FBI, writing, "I share with the men of your organization a sincere desire to see an end to all such seditious propaganda as criminal slander of the Commander in Chief, defeatism, pacifism," etc.<ref>Dalton Trumbo (Helen Manfull, Ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uJpbAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Additional Dialogue; Letters of Dalton Trumbo, 1942-1962]'' (M. Evans/Lippincott, 1970), p. 30. Cf. Trumbo, Dalton. ''Johnny Got his Gun.'' 1939, introduction.</ref>

Trumbo was a member of the [[Communist Party of the USA]] (CPUSA) from 1943 to 1948. He claimed to have ghost-written Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.'s Report to the Nation on the 1945 founding conference of the [[United Nations]], where [[Alger Hiss]] presided as Secretary General.<ref>Dalton Trumbo (Helen Manfull, Ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uJpbAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Additional Dialogue; Letters of Dalton Trumbo, 1942-1962]'' (M. Evans/Lippincott, 1970), p. 37</ref> In 1946, he hosted a CPUSA meeting, allegedly to discuss putting Communist propaganda in Hollywood movies.<ref>Naming Names, by Victor S. Navasky, 1980 book, p.78</ref> At that time, the Soviet Union was becoming America's [[Cold War]] enemy, and it controlled the CPUSA. In 1947, the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] called him to testify about Communist influence in Hollywood. Trumbo refused, and spent 11 months in prison for [[contempt of Congress]]. He, along with nine other Communists convicted of contempt of Congress, are known as the [[Hollywood Ten]] for allegedly being blacklisted by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and had difficulties getting scriptwriting jobs and often worked under a pseudonym.  However, after receiving full writing credits on such movies as [[Spartacus (movie)|Spartacus]] and [[Exodus (movie)|Exodus]], he was reinstated into the Writers' Guild of America.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0874308/bio The Internet Movie Database]</ref>

Trumbo was a member of the [[Communist Party of the USA]] (CPUSA) from 1943 to 1948. In ''The Worker'', he openly boasted that the comrades had prevented the production of Hollywood films based on books banned by Stalin, including classics such as Arthur Koestler's ''Darkness at Noon'' and Victor Kravchenko's ''I Chose Freedom''.<ref>Kenneth Lloyd Billingsley, "[http://reason.com/archives/2000/06/01/hollywoods-missing-movies/singlepage Hollywood's Missing Movies]," ''Reason'', June 2000</ref> When Hollywood screenwriter Richard MacCauley submitted a piece to ''Screenwriter'' magazine opposing left-wing censorship, Trumbo, who was then the magazine's editor, rejected the piece, denouncing the "inalienable right" to free speech, which he claimed had "directly resulted" in the [[Holocaust]]:

Trumbo claimed to have ghost-written Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.'s Report to the Nation on the 1945 founding conference of the [[United Nations]], where [[Alger Hiss]] presided as Secretary General.<ref>Dalton Trumbo (Helen Manfull, Ed.), ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=uJpbAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Additional Dialogue; Letters of Dalton Trumbo, 1942-1962]'' (M. Evans/Lippincott, 1970), p. 37</ref> In 1946, he hosted a CPUSA meeting, allegedly to discuss putting Communist propaganda in Hollywood movies.<ref>Naming Names, by Victor S. Navasky, 1980 book, p.78</ref> At that time, the Soviet Union was becoming America's [[Cold War]] enemy, and it controlled the CPUSA. In 1947, the [[House Un-American Activities Committee]] called him to testify about Communist influence in Hollywood. Trumbo refused, and spent 11 months in prison for [[contempt of Congress]]. He, along with nine other Communists convicted of contempt of Congress, are known as the [[Hollywood Ten]] for allegedly being blacklisted by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and had difficulties getting scriptwriting jobs and often worked under a pseudonym.  However, after receiving full writing credits on such movies as [[Spartacus (movie)|Spartacus]] and [[Exodus (movie)|Exodus]], he was reinstated into the Writers' Guild of America.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0874308/bio The Internet Movie Database]</ref>

Trumbo's last writing credit was a 1971 screenplay for a movie version of ''Johnny Got His Gun''.  Trumbo died of lung cancer in 1976.

Trumbo's last writing credit was a 1971 screenplay for a movie version of ''Johnny Got His Gun''.  Trumbo died of lung cancer in 1976.