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Line 112: − + − :An item which appears only on the right-hand side of a transformation rule is a terminal item, since it can not be transformed further. +
→Formal grammar: rephrase the notes for greater precision
==Formal grammar==
==Formal grammar==
'''Note''': this section and subsequent sections are, by necessity, slightly more technical/formal than the earlier parts of this article, though specialist notation has been largely avoided. Make sure that you understand the 'Simple example' above before proceeding further, since references will be made to that example to help explain the technicalities, and variations on that example will be used to illustrate new ideas. An attempt has been made to avoid formal linguistic abbreviations and unexplained jargon.
'''Note''': this section and subsequent sections are, by necessity, slightly more technical/formal than the earlier parts of this article, though specialist notation and abbreviations have been largely avoided. Make sure that you understand the 'Simple example' above before proceeding further, since references will be made to that example to help explain the technicalities, and variations on that example will be used to illustrate new ideas.
A formal generative grammar has four components (see slide 19 of this lecture
A formal generative grammar has four components (see slide 19 of this lecture
Notes:
Notes:
:Any item which appears on the left-hand side of a transformation rule is non-terminal since it can be replaced by something else; apart from the starting point, all other non-terminals must also appear somewhere on the right-hand side of transformation rule.
:Terminal items are those which can not be transformed into anything else.
:A list of all the terminal items is effectively the vocabulary from which sentences are built.
:A list of all the terminal items is effectively the vocabulary from which sentences are built.
:Non-terminal items are those which can be transformed into something else.
:Linguists have developed various classes of grammars by using constraints to govern what sort of rules can be used for any particular grammar.
:Linguists have developed various classes of grammars by using constraints to govern what sort of rules can be used for any particular grammar.