Difference between revisions of "Isaac"

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'''Isaac'''(Hebrew '''יִצְחָק''') was the son of [[Abraham]] by his wife [[Sarah]] and the acestor of the [[Israelite|Israelites]].  In Hebrew, the name Isaac means "he laughs", probably a reference to the [[joy]] felt by his parents having a child when they were already well along in years.
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[[Image:abraham_sacrificing_isaac.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Abraham Sacrificing Isaac'' by Rembrandt]]
  
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Abraham had Isaac when he was 100 years old and Sarah was 90. (Genesis 21:5)
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'''Isaac''' ([[Hebrew]]: '''יִצְחָק''', ''Yiẓḥaq''; [[Arabic]]: '''إسحٰق''', ''ʾIsḥāq'' ; "he will laugh") (2108 AM–m.2148 AM–2288 AM, or 1896 BC–m. 1857 BC–1716 BC) was the son of [[Abraham]] and [[Sarah]], born when Sarah was supposedly beyond the age of childbearing.
  
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One day [[God]] told Abraham to take his son Isaac up a mountain and sacrifice him on a rock. When Abraham was about to do it, God stopped him and said that really He was just testing Abraham's [[faith]]. God provided another sacrifice to be put in Isaac's place, a story which Christians see as a foreshadowing of [[Jesus]].
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== Son of the Promise ==
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God had promised [[Abraham]] that his descendants would inherit the land of [[Canaan (land)|Canaan]] and be a blessing to all the world, yet Abraham had no son.  Seeing that she was barren, his wife had him beget a son for her on her slavegirl (a legitimate practice of that time); that boy was [[Ishmael]]. However, God had determined to bring his promise about by means which were humanly impossible, so as to demonstrate that he was in full control.  Isaac was born to Sarah when Abraham was 100 years old, and Ishmael was about 14.<ref name=Ussher>[[James Ussher]], ''[[The Annals of the World]]'', [[Larry Pierce]], ed., Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2003 (ISBN 0890513600), pghh. 86-88</ref>
  
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Isaac went on to have two children [[Esau]] and [[Jacob]] through his wife [[Rebekah]].  He favored Esau over Jacob, but was greived with Esau when he married two Hittite women.  Nevertheless he tried to give Esau the blessing of the firstborn when he was very old and blind and near death. Thanks to Jacob and Rebekah, Jacob tricked Isaac by putting on [[goat]] skins to make Jacob feel rough like Esau.  Isaac gave the following blessing to Jacob:
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== Meaning of his name ==
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The name Isaac is related to the word for laughter, speaking both of the joy of a son born so unexpectedly, of the joy of the promise that he embodies, and also of Sarah's reaction when she heard the prophecy of his birth.
  
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<blockquote>Surely, the smell of my son ''Is'' like the smell of a field Which the LORD has blessed.  Therefore may God give you Of the dew of heaven, Of the fatness of the earth, And plenty of grain and wine.  Let peoples serve you, and nations fall down to you. Be master over your bretheren, And let your mother's sons bow down to you. Cursed ''be'' everyone who curses you, and blessed ''be'' those who bless you! (Genesis 27:27b-29)</blockquote>
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== The sacrifice of Isaac ==
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The lives of Abraham and Isaac are rich in [[typology]].  One of the types is of the death of [[Jesus Christ]] at the will of God the Father.  God commanded Abraham to go to a particular place, usually thought to be mount Moriah at [[Jerusalem]], and there to sacrifice Isaac to God as a burnt offering.<ref name=Ussher2>[[James Ussher|Ussher]], ''[[The Annals of the World|op. cit.'']], pgh. 91</ref> Since Isaac was strong enough to carry sufficient wood for the offering, he must have been a teenager and must have been strong enough to resist had he wished. (Indeed, [[Flavius Josephus]] held that Isaac was 25 years old at the time.<ref name=Ussher3>[[James Ussher|Ussher]], ''[[The Annals of the World|op. cit.'']], pgh. 92</ref>) At the last moment, God told Abraham not to kill him but to use instead a ram that had got its horns caught in a nearby thicket.  This story foreshadows both the willing sacrifice of Jesus by command of the Father but also the provision of Jesus as a substitute to pay the penalty for the [[sin]]s of all the world.
  
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Isaac found out the mistake but could not onto what he had done. He therefore gave Esau a lesser blessing:
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== Marriage ==
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Isaac was married to his cousin, [[Rebekah]], by an arrangement made by Abraham and blessed in its outcome by God. This marriage is a [[typology|type]] for the coming marriage of the Lamb to his bride, the church.<ref name=Ussher4>Ussher, ''[[The Annals of the World|op. cit.'']], pgh. 94</ref>
  
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<blockquote>Behold, your dwelling shall be of the fatness of the eart, And the dew of heaven from above.  By your sword you will live, And you shall serve your brother; And it shall come to pass when you become restless, That you shall break his yoke from your neck.</blockquote>
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== Sons ==
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Isaac and [[Rebekah]] had two sons, [[Esau]] and [[Jacob]], when Isaac was 60 years old. These two are also typologically significant, in particular of the fact that God is not constrained by human preconceptions but will choose whomever he will.  Thus, God arranged for the promise to descend through the younger son, Jacob, rather than through his elder brother.<ref name=Ussher5>Ussher, ''[[The Annals of the World|op. cit.'']], pgh. 99</ref>
  
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Because of Esau's rage, Rebekah convinced Isaac to send Jacob to his uncle for a wife supposedly.  Isaac sent Jacob away.  Jacob eventually returned with his large family at Mamre or Kirjath Arba ([[Hebron]]).  Isaac died at the old age of 180 years old. (Genesis 28, & 35)
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== Death ==
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Isaac died at the age of 180 years. His sons Esau and Jacob buried him in the Cave of [[Macpelah]].
  
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[[Category:Biblical persons]]
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==References==
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{{reflist|2}}
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==See also==
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* [[Israel]]
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* [[Midrash]]
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* [[Arabs]]
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* [[Palestine]]
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{{nb hebrews}}
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[[Category:Book of Genesis Persons]]
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[[Category:Jewish People]]

Latest revision as of 21:19, July 12, 2016

Abraham Sacrificing Isaac by Rembrandt

Isaac (Hebrew: יִצְחָק, Yiẓḥaq; Arabic: إسحٰق, ʾIsḥāq ; "he will laugh") (2108 AM–m.2148 AM–2288 AM, or 1896 BC–m. 1857 BC–1716 BC) was the son of Abraham and Sarah, born when Sarah was supposedly beyond the age of childbearing.

Son of the Promise

God had promised Abraham that his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan and be a blessing to all the world, yet Abraham had no son. Seeing that she was barren, his wife had him beget a son for her on her slavegirl (a legitimate practice of that time); that boy was Ishmael. However, God had determined to bring his promise about by means which were humanly impossible, so as to demonstrate that he was in full control. Isaac was born to Sarah when Abraham was 100 years old, and Ishmael was about 14.[1]

Meaning of his name

The name Isaac is related to the word for laughter, speaking both of the joy of a son born so unexpectedly, of the joy of the promise that he embodies, and also of Sarah's reaction when she heard the prophecy of his birth.

The sacrifice of Isaac

The lives of Abraham and Isaac are rich in typology. One of the types is of the death of Jesus Christ at the will of God the Father. God commanded Abraham to go to a particular place, usually thought to be mount Moriah at Jerusalem, and there to sacrifice Isaac to God as a burnt offering.[2] Since Isaac was strong enough to carry sufficient wood for the offering, he must have been a teenager and must have been strong enough to resist had he wished. (Indeed, Flavius Josephus held that Isaac was 25 years old at the time.[3]) At the last moment, God told Abraham not to kill him but to use instead a ram that had got its horns caught in a nearby thicket. This story foreshadows both the willing sacrifice of Jesus by command of the Father but also the provision of Jesus as a substitute to pay the penalty for the sins of all the world.

Marriage

Isaac was married to his cousin, Rebekah, by an arrangement made by Abraham and blessed in its outcome by God. This marriage is a type for the coming marriage of the Lamb to his bride, the church.[4]

Sons

Isaac and Rebekah had two sons, Esau and Jacob, when Isaac was 60 years old. These two are also typologically significant, in particular of the fact that God is not constrained by human preconceptions but will choose whomever he will. Thus, God arranged for the promise to descend through the younger son, Jacob, rather than through his elder brother.[5]

Death

Isaac died at the age of 180 years. His sons Esau and Jacob buried him in the Cave of Macpelah.

References

  1. ↑ James Ussher, The Annals of the World, Larry Pierce, ed., Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2003 (ISBN 0890513600), pghh. 86-88
  2. ↑ Ussher, op. cit., pgh. 91
  3. ↑ Ussher, op. cit., pgh. 92
  4. ↑ Ussher, op. cit., pgh. 94
  5. ↑ Ussher, op. cit., pgh. 99

See also

v • d • e
Hebrews and related peoples
Sons of TerahHebrew Bible.jpg
Children of Haran
Lot · Sarah · Milcah
Children and descendents of Nahor
Sons of Abraham
Isaac · Ishmael · Midian
Sons of Isaac
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