Difference between revisions of "5 Star Movement"

From Conservapedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Wording.)
m (→‎Electoral success: HTTP --> HTTPS [#1], replaced: http://www.breitbart.com → https://www.breitbart.com (10), http://www.politico.eu → https://www.politico.eu)
Line 15: Line 15:
  
 
==Electoral success==
 
==Electoral success==
−
While the M5S performed poorly in Italy's 2017 mayoral elections,<ref>D'Emilio, Frances (June 12, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/12/populists-surge-in-italy-stops-in-voting-for-italys-mayors.html Populists' surge in Italy stops in voting for Italy's mayors]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref><ref>Zampano, Giada (June 12, 2017). [http://www.politico.eu/article/italys-5star-movement-suffer-setback-in-local-elections-beppe-grillo/ 5Stars suffer setback in Italy’s local elections]. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> the year earlier, it captured the mayorship of [[Rome]].<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (June 20, 2016). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/06/20/populist-woman-mayor-wins-rome-landslide-new-era-begins/ Populist Woman Mayor Wins Rome by Landslide: ‘New Era’ Begins]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
+
While the M5S performed poorly in Italy's 2017 mayoral elections,<ref>D'Emilio, Frances (June 12, 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/06/12/populists-surge-in-italy-stops-in-voting-for-italys-mayors.html Populists' surge in Italy stops in voting for Italy's mayors]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref><ref>Zampano, Giada (June 12, 2017). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-5star-movement-suffer-setback-in-local-elections-beppe-grillo/ 5Stars suffer setback in Italy’s local elections]. ''Politico''. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> the year earlier, it captured the mayorship of [[Rome]].<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (June 20, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/06/20/populist-woman-mayor-wins-rome-landslide-new-era-begins/ Populist Woman Mayor Wins Rome by Landslide: ‘New Era’ Begins]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
 
<br>See also:
 
<br>See also:
−
*[http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/12/far-star-populists-lose-italian-mayoral-vote/ Five Star Populists Lose Out in Italian Mayoral Vote]. ''Breitbart News''. June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> Virginia Raggi, the M5S mayor of Rome called for a suspension of [[immigration]] into the city.<ref>Shaw, Adam (June 15, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/15/mayor-rome-calls-suspension-flow-immigrants-city/ Mayor of Rome Calls for Suspension of Flow of Migrants into the City]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 15, 2017.</ref> The M5S performed well in the 2017 Sicilian regional elections, a region heavily impacted by the migrant crisis.<ref name="Sicily2017">Williams, Thomas D. (November 7, 2017). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/11/07/populists-crush-center-left-social-democrats-in-sicily-elections/ Populists Crush Center-Left Social Democrats in Sicily Elections]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 7, 2017.</ref>
+
*[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/12/far-star-populists-lose-italian-mayoral-vote/ Five Star Populists Lose Out in Italian Mayoral Vote]. ''Breitbart News''. June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> Virginia Raggi, the M5S mayor of Rome called for a suspension of [[immigration]] into the city.<ref>Shaw, Adam (June 15, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/06/15/mayor-rome-calls-suspension-flow-immigrants-city/ Mayor of Rome Calls for Suspension of Flow of Migrants into the City]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 15, 2017.</ref> The M5S performed well in the 2017 Sicilian regional elections, a region heavily impacted by the migrant crisis.<ref name="Sicily2017">Williams, Thomas D. (November 7, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/11/07/populists-crush-center-left-social-democrats-in-sicily-elections/ Populists Crush Center-Left Social Democrats in Sicily Elections]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 7, 2017.</ref>
  
 
In the 2018 election, M5S along with [[Lega Nord]] performed very well, and M5S became the largest single party in Italy.<ref>Multiple references:
 
In the 2018 election, M5S along with [[Lega Nord]] performed very well, and M5S became the largest single party in Italy.<ref>Multiple references:
 
*Newman, Alex (March 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/28429-anti-establishment-parties-surge-in-italian-election Anti-Establishment Parties Surge in Italian Election]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
 
*Newman, Alex (March 5, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/28429-anti-establishment-parties-surge-in-italian-election Anti-Establishment Parties Surge in Italian Election]. ''The New American''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
−
*Williams, Thomas D. (March 5, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/05/populists-sweep-italian-national-elections-5-star-movement-big-winner/ Populists Sweep Italian National Elections, 5-Star Movement Big Winner]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
+
*Williams, Thomas D. (March 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/05/populists-sweep-italian-national-elections-5-star-movement-big-winner/ Populists Sweep Italian National Elections, 5-Star Movement Big Winner]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
−
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italians-vote-amid-anger-toward-migrants-and-populist-energy/2018/03/04/bdf8b5b6-1cb3-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html Fragmented Italian election result reveals power of populists]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> along with massive losses for the Italian left-wing.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (March 6, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/06/italy-election-aftermath-renzi-quits-center-left-disappears/ Italy Election Aftermath: Renzi Quits, Center-Left ‘Disappears’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> The party performed so well that in [[Sicily]] it won more seats than the number of candidates it put up in the region.<ref>Reale, Claudio (March 6, 2018). [http://palermo.repubblica.it/politica/2018/03/06/news/elezioni_vittoria_troppo_larga_per_m5s_piu_seggi_che_candidati_rischio_caselle_vuote-190568643/?ref=RHPPLF-BL-I0-C8-P4-S1.8-T2 Elezioni, vittoria troppo larga per M5S: in Sicilia più seggi che candidati]. ''Palermo''. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</ref> Overall, populist and Euroskeptic parties received over 50% of the popular vote.<ref>Multiple references:
+
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 4, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italians-vote-amid-anger-toward-migrants-and-populist-energy/2018/03/04/bdf8b5b6-1cb3-11e8-98f5-ceecfa8741b6_story.html Fragmented Italian election result reveals power of populists]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> along with massive losses for the Italian left-wing.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (March 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/03/06/italy-election-aftermath-renzi-quits-center-left-disappears/ Italy Election Aftermath: Renzi Quits, Center-Left ‘Disappears’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.</ref> The party performed so well that in [[Sicily]] it won more seats than the number of candidates it put up in the region.<ref>Reale, Claudio (March 6, 2018). [http://palermo.repubblica.it/politica/2018/03/06/news/elezioni_vittoria_troppo_larga_per_m5s_piu_seggi_che_candidati_rischio_caselle_vuote-190568643/?ref=RHPPLF-BL-I0-C8-P4-S1.8-T2 Elezioni, vittoria troppo larga per M5S: in Sicilia più seggi che candidati]. ''Palermo''. Retrieved March 24, 2018.</ref> Overall, populist and Euroskeptic parties received over 50% of the popular vote.<ref>Multiple references:
 
*D'Emilio, Frances (March 5, 2018). [https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-03-05/italys-early-results-show-center-right-coalition-leads-vote Italy's Populist Parties Rule the Day, but Will They Rule?] ''U.S. News & World Report'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved March 23, 2018.
 
*D'Emilio, Frances (March 5, 2018). [https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-03-05/italys-early-results-show-center-right-coalition-leads-vote Italy's Populist Parties Rule the Day, but Will They Rule?] ''U.S. News & World Report'' (from the ''Associated Press''). Retrieved March 23, 2018.
 
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italian-populists-declare-new-epoch-after-election-victory/2018/03/05/12885254-2096-11e8-946c-9420060cb7bd_story.html Italian populists declare new epoch after election victory]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
 
*Birnbaum, Michael (March 5, 2018). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/italian-populists-declare-new-epoch-after-election-victory/2018/03/05/12885254-2096-11e8-946c-9420060cb7bd_story.html Italian populists declare new epoch after election victory]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
 
*[https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21737972-forming-new-government-could-take-weeks-new-elections-may-be-needed-anti-eu-parties-make-big Anti-EU parties make big gains in the Italian general election]. ''The Economist''. March 5, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref> In May 2018, M5S anti-establishment [[Lega Nord]] agreed to a common platform, one that promoted strongly nationalist and anti-establishment policies.<ref>Multiple references:
 
*[https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21737972-forming-new-government-could-take-weeks-new-elections-may-be-needed-anti-eu-parties-make-big Anti-EU parties make big gains in the Italian general election]. ''The Economist''. March 5, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref> In May 2018, M5S anti-establishment [[Lega Nord]] agreed to a common platform, one that promoted strongly nationalist and anti-establishment policies.<ref>Multiple references:
 
*Shaw, Adam (May 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/19/italy-on-cusp-populist-coalition-after-parties-publish-radical-joint-program.html Italy on cusp of populist coalition after parties publish radical joint program]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
 
*Shaw, Adam (May 19, 2018). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/19/italy-on-cusp-populist-coalition-after-parties-publish-radical-joint-program.html Italy on cusp of populist coalition after parties publish radical joint program]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
−
*Lane, Oliver JJ (May 18, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/18/italian-populists-publish-governing-contract-slams-failure-of-unsustainable-immigration/ Italian Populists Publish Governing Contract, Slams Failure of ‘Unsustainable’ Immigration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
+
*Lane, Oliver JJ (May 18, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/18/italian-populists-publish-governing-contract-slams-failure-of-unsustainable-immigration/ Italian Populists Publish Governing Contract, Slams Failure of ‘Unsustainable’ Immigration]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
 
*Politi, James; Romei, Valentina (May 18, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/e0cd0f22-5a7c-11e8-bdb7-f6677d2e1ce8 Five Star and League strike Italy government deal]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Both parties allowed their voters to choose whether they approved of the coalition agenda.<ref>Segreti, Giulia (May 20, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-ballot/italians-back-league-5-star-plan-as-groups-ready-government-team-idUSKCN1IL07X Italians back League, 5-Star plan as groups ready government team]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.<br>See also:
 
*Politi, James; Romei, Valentina (May 18, 2018). [https://www.ft.com/content/e0cd0f22-5a7c-11e8-bdb7-f6677d2e1ce8 Five Star and League strike Italy government deal]. ''Financial Times''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Both parties allowed their voters to choose whether they approved of the coalition agenda.<ref>Segreti, Giulia (May 20, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-ballot/italians-back-league-5-star-plan-as-groups-ready-government-team-idUSKCN1IL07X Italians back League, 5-Star plan as groups ready government team]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.<br>See also:
 
*Barigazzi, Jacopo (May 20, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-populist-government-5stars-league-approval-poll/ 6 out of 10 Italians approve of populist government: survey]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Despite this, Italy's [[establishment]] president rejected the coalition government as it supported nominating a Euroskeptic finance minister.<ref>Multiple references:
 
*Barigazzi, Jacopo (May 20, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italy-populist-government-5stars-league-approval-poll/ 6 out of 10 Italians approve of populist government: survey]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 20, 2018.</ref> Despite this, Italy's [[establishment]] president rejected the coalition government as it supported nominating a Euroskeptic finance minister.<ref>Multiple references:
−
*Williams, Thomas D. (May 27, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/27/sabotage-italian-president-blocks-eurosceptic-coalition-govt-populist-leader-impeachment/ Sabotage: Italian President Blocks Eurosceptic Coalition Govt, Populist Leader Calls for Impeachment]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
+
*Williams, Thomas D. (May 27, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/27/sabotage-italian-president-blocks-eurosceptic-coalition-govt-populist-leader-impeachment/ Sabotage: Italian President Blocks Eurosceptic Coalition Govt, Populist Leader Calls for Impeachment]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
 
*Zampano, Giada (May 27, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-premier-designate-steps-down-after-failed-cabinet-talks/ Italy’s president scotches populist governing alliance]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.</ref> However, a few days later, the two parties were able to reach a compromise with Italy's president and finalized their governing coalition.<ref>Multiple references:
 
*Zampano, Giada (May 27, 2018). [https://www.politico.eu/article/italys-premier-designate-steps-down-after-failed-cabinet-talks/ Italy’s president scotches populist governing alliance]. ''Politico''. Retrieved May 27, 2018.</ref> However, a few days later, the two parties were able to reach a compromise with Italy's president and finalized their governing coalition.<ref>Multiple references:
−
*Montgomery, Jack (May 31, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/31/breakthrough-populist-italian-govt-back-cards-five-star-lega-deal/ Breakthrough: Populist Italian Govt Back on the Cards as Five-Star and Lega Ink Fresh Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
+
*Montgomery, Jack (May 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/05/31/breakthrough-populist-italian-govt-back-cards-five-star-lega-deal/ Breakthrough: Populist Italian Govt Back on the Cards as Five-Star and Lega Ink Fresh Deal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
 
*Scherer, Steve; Jones, Gavin (May 31, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-anti-establishment-leaders-revive-governing-coalition-idUSKCN1IW0Z5 Italy's anti-establishment leaders revive governing coalition]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
 
*Scherer, Steve; Jones, Gavin (May 31, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-anti-establishment-leaders-revive-governing-coalition-idUSKCN1IW0Z5 Italy's anti-establishment leaders revive governing coalition]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
 
*Barry, Colleen (May 31, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/0a1896978c1c436c9a94cf345b7c9381/Italy-gets-western-Europe's-1st-populist-govt-on-second-try Italy gets western Europe’s 1st populist govt on second try]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
 
*Barry, Colleen (May 31, 2018). [https://www.apnews.com/0a1896978c1c436c9a94cf345b7c9381/Italy-gets-western-Europe's-1st-populist-govt-on-second-try Italy gets western Europe’s 1st populist govt on second try]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
 
*Horowitz, Jason (May 31, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/31/world/europe/italy-government-populists.html Italy's Populist Parties Win Approval to Form Government]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.</ref> The new government, Western Europe's first one completely run by populist and anti-establishment parties, was sworn in on June 1, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
 
*Horowitz, Jason (May 31, 2018). [https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/31/world/europe/italy-government-populists.html Italy's Populist Parties Win Approval to Form Government]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.</ref> The new government, Western Europe's first one completely run by populist and anti-establishment parties, was sworn in on June 1, 2018.<ref>Multiple references:
−
*Montgomery, Jack (June 1, 2018). [http://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/06/01/brussels-defeated-populist-coalition-takes-office-in-italy-eurosceptic-savona-returns-as-eu-affairs-minister/ BRUSSELS BEATEN: Populist Coalition Takes Office in Italy, Eurosceptic Savona Returns as EU Affairs Minister]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
+
*Montgomery, Jack (June 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/06/01/brussels-defeated-populist-coalition-takes-office-in-italy-eurosceptic-savona-returns-as-eu-affairs-minister/ BRUSSELS BEATEN: Populist Coalition Takes Office in Italy, Eurosceptic Savona Returns as EU Affairs Minister]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
 
*D'Emilio, Frances (June 1, 2018). [https://apnews.com/15605caac2ac4963bc4d36d388067b14/Italian-populists-sworn-into-power-as-euroskeptics-cheer Populists take power in Italy, with euro-skeptic agenda]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
 
*D'Emilio, Frances (June 1, 2018). [https://apnews.com/15605caac2ac4963bc4d36d388067b14/Italian-populists-sworn-into-power-as-euroskeptics-cheer Populists take power in Italy, with euro-skeptic agenda]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
 
*Jones, Gavin; Di Giorgio, Massimiliano (June 1, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-conte-sworn-in-as-pm-of-anti-establishment-government-idUSKCN1IX49T Italy's Conte sworn in as PM of anti-establishment government]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
 
*Jones, Gavin; Di Giorgio, Massimiliano (June 1, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics/italys-conte-sworn-in-as-pm-of-anti-establishment-government-idUSKCN1IX49T Italy's Conte sworn in as PM of anti-establishment government]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.

Revision as of 12:59, September 26, 2018

5 Star Movement
Party leader Luigi Di Maio
Parliamentary leader
Founded October 4, 2009
Headquarters
Political ideology Populism
Political position Big tent
International affiliation Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy
Color(s) yellow and white
Website movimento5stelle.it

The 5 Star Movement (M5S) is a populist political party in Italy. It was founded in 2009 by comedian Beppe Grillo as an anti-establishment protest party, but it quickly gained support and became Italy's largest single political party in 2018.

Electoral success

While the M5S performed poorly in Italy's 2017 mayoral elections,[1][2] the year earlier, it captured the mayorship of Rome.[3] Virginia Raggi, the M5S mayor of Rome called for a suspension of immigration into the city.[4] The M5S performed well in the 2017 Sicilian regional elections, a region heavily impacted by the migrant crisis.[5]

In the 2018 election, M5S along with Lega Nord performed very well, and M5S became the largest single party in Italy.[6] along with massive losses for the Italian left-wing.[7] The party performed so well that in Sicily it won more seats than the number of candidates it put up in the region.[8] Overall, populist and Euroskeptic parties received over 50% of the popular vote.[9] In May 2018, M5S anti-establishment Lega Nord agreed to a common platform, one that promoted strongly nationalist and anti-establishment policies.[10] Both parties allowed their voters to choose whether they approved of the coalition agenda.[11] Despite this, Italy's establishment president rejected the coalition government as it supported nominating a Euroskeptic finance minister.[12] However, a few days later, the two parties were able to reach a compromise with Italy's president and finalized their governing coalition.[13] The new government, Western Europe's first one completely run by populist and anti-establishment parties, was sworn in on June 1, 2018.[14] Giuseppe Conte was named the government's prime minister.

Positions

M5S is considered a populist party, but unlike right-wing populist and Euroskeptic parties, it is more centrist overall on issues related to immigration and the European Union, having moderated as it became a more established force.[15][16][17] It has defined itself as an anti-establishment movement.[18][19]

In contrast to Matteo Salvini's Lega Nord, the 5 Star Movement is hostile to Israel. Manlio Di Stefano, one of the leader of this party has accused Israel of committing a "genocide" and claimed that Hamas is apparently just a political party that has resorted to terrorism solely because of "the isolation of Gaza." The party has declared that it would officially recognize a "State of Palestine" when they get into power and condemned the settlement program in the West Bank. Its founder Beppe Grillo believes in 9/11 conspiracy theories and party leaders have supported the Chemtrail conspiracy theory.[20]

References

  1. ↑ D'Emilio, Frances (June 12, 2017). Populists' surge in Italy stops in voting for Italy's mayors. Fox News. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  2. ↑ Zampano, Giada (June 12, 2017). 5Stars suffer setback in Italy’s local elections. Politico. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
  3. ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (June 20, 2016). Populist Woman Mayor Wins Rome by Landslide: ‘New Era’ Begins. Breitbart News. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
    See also:
  4. ↑ Shaw, Adam (June 15, 2017). Mayor of Rome Calls for Suspension of Flow of Migrants into the City. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  5. ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (November 7, 2017). Populists Crush Center-Left Social Democrats in Sicily Elections. Breitbart News. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  6. ↑ Multiple references:
  7. ↑ Williams, Thomas D. (March 6, 2018). Italy Election Aftermath: Renzi Quits, Center-Left ‘Disappears’. Breitbart News. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
  8. ↑ Reale, Claudio (March 6, 2018). Elezioni, vittoria troppo larga per M5S: in Sicilia più seggi che candidati. Palermo. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  9. ↑ Multiple references:
  10. ↑ Multiple references:
  11. ↑ Segreti, Giulia (May 20, 2018). Italians back League, 5-Star plan as groups ready government team. Reuters. Retrieved May 20, 2018.
    See also:
  12. ↑ Multiple references:
  13. ↑ Multiple references:
  14. ↑ Multiple references: For a profile of the government's cabinet:
  15. ↑ Legorano, Giovanni (March 1, 2018). Why Italian Elections Matter: A New Type of Populism Is Rising. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  16. ↑ Zampano, Giada (March 13, 2018). 5Star leader: Brussels has nothing to fear. Politico. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  17. ↑ Dettmer, Jamie (March 1, 2018). Italy’s Maverick Political Movement Starts to Grow Up, But at a Cost. Voice of America. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  18. ↑ Lyman, Eric J. (March 1, 2018). Anti-establishment Five-Star Movement set to upend Italian politics. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  19. ↑ Clarke, Hilary (March 1, 2018). The maverick populists striking fear into Italy's mainstream parties. CNN. Retrieved March 29, 2018.
  20. ↑ David, Ariel (July 19, 2016). They’re Openly Hostile to Israel. So Why Did These Italian Politicians Just Pay a Visit?. Haaretz. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
Retrieved from "https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=5_Star_Movement&oldid=1450956"