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==Hippolytus of Rome== | ==Hippolytus of Rome== | ||
| − | Hippolytus of Rome (about A.D. 170-235), sometimes called Ypolitus (''Italian'', Ippolito) was an [[orthodox]] [[catholic]] [[Christianity|Christian]] [[priest]]. He was one of the most prolific ecclesiastical writers of the early Church and among the most important [[Ante-Nicene Fathers|Christian theologians of the third century]]. He is considered by historians to have been [[antipope]] of the Church of Rome from about 217 to 235. He is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox tradition as a ''hieromartyr'' <ref>In Eastern Orthodox tradition the word "hieromartyr" means "priest-martyr", a priest or bishop killed for being Christian. – [https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hieromartyr '''Hieromartyr''' (encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com)]</ref>, and a saint. His Orthodox feast day is January 30. | + | Saint '''Hippolytus of Rome''' (about A.D. 170-235), sometimes called Ypolitus (''Italian'', Ippolito) was an [[orthodox]] [[catholic]] [[Christianity|Christian]] [[priest]] during the [[persecution]]s. He was one of the most prolific ecclesiastical writers of the early Church and among the most important [[Ante-Nicene Fathers|Christian theologians of the third century]]. He is considered by historians to have been [[antipope]] of the Church of Rome from about 217 to 235. He is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox tradition as a ''hieromartyr'' <ref>In Eastern Orthodox tradition the word "hieromartyr" means "priest-martyr", a priest or bishop killed for being Christian. – [https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hieromartyr '''Hieromartyr''' (encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com)]</ref>, and a [[saint]]. He is mentioned in the [[Roman Martyrology]] on August 3. His Orthodox feast day is January 30. |
| − | Life | + | ==Life== |
| − | The early life of Hippolytus is unknown. He was born in the second half of the second century about the year 170, probably in Rome, and lived in Rome when young. Greek was his native tongue. He is believed to have been a disciple of [[Irenaeus of Lyons]] and to have met [[Origen]]. At the beginning of the third century he was a priest noted for his learning, eloquence, zeal, and moral earnestness | + | The early life of Hippolytus is unknown. He was born in the second half of the second century about the year 170, probably in Rome, and lived in Rome when young. Greek was his native tongue. He is believed to have been a disciple of St. [[Irenaeus of Lyons]] and to have met [[Origen]]. At the beginning of the third century he was a priest noted for his learning, eloquence, zeal, and moral earnestness, and became a major theological writer. the biblical commentator and theologian He was one of the most important second-third century Christian theologians of the early Church, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians. |
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| − | + | The best historians of literature in the ancient church, including [[Eusebius|Eusebius of Caesarea]] and [[Jerome]], openly confess they cannot name where Hippolytus served in leadership. They had read his works but did not possess evidence of his community. Photios I of Constantinople describes him in his ''Bibliotheca'' (cod. 121) as a | |
| − | + | Suggested communities include Palestine, Egypt, Anatolia, Rome and regions of the mideast. He was also noted to be a bishop of an unspecified city by Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome and by the poet Prudentius as bishop of Portus, a port for Rome. (Prudentius may have confused him with another [[Hippolytus, bishop and martyr|Hippolytus, bishop of Pontos, and martyr]] of the third century.) | |
| − | + | His most important work was ''A Refutation of All Heresies;'' he also wrote commentaries on Daniel and the Song of Songs and ''The Apostolic Traditions''. In the "Refutation of All Heresies" Hippolytus set out to refute the doctrines of the Gnostics and condemn heretics by showing that their views were taken from pagan philosophy and oriental theosophy. | |
| − | + | From the details of his work, ''Philosophoumena'', Hippolytus apparently was in Rome during the time Victor was the bishop of Rome (189-199) and a leader of the Roman church during the pontificate of St. Zephyrinus (c. 199–217). Hippolytus was a presbyter (elder) in the church at Rome while Zephyrinus and Callistus served as the chief bishops. Hippolytus also came into conflict with the opinions of the bishops of Rome on christological issues of the day | |
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| − | He is known today for promoting orthodox Christology amid the confusion and bad doctrine in the church at Rome. Hippolytus was a | + | He is known today for promoting orthodox Christology amid the confusion and bad doctrine in the church at Rome. Hippolytus was a leader of the Roman church during the pontificate of St. Zephyrinus, Zephrinus (c. 199–217). He denounced Pope Zephrinus for his leniency to the Christological heresies abroad in Rome, especially [[Modalism]] and [[Sabellianism]], whom he attacked as being a modalist (one who conceives that the entire Trinity dwells in Christ and who maintains that the names Father and Son are only different designations for the same subject). Hippolytus, rather, was a champion of the [[Logos]] doctrine that … |
| − | Hippolytus was | + | The ''[[Apostolic Tradition]] of Hippolytus'' was composed in approximately 215 in Rome. It apparently preserved older second century practices which were in … |
| − | The ''Philosophoumena'', that is a part of his larger work "Refutation of All Heresies", shows that he dissented from the compassionate views of Zephyrinus, whom he considered to be a weak man "unskilled the church's rule", and Callistus I of Rome (217-222) concerning the reception of backsliders and heretics who had repented. | + | The ''Philosophoumena'', that is a part of his larger work "Refutation of All Heresies", shows that he dissented from the compassionate views of Zephyrinus, whom he considered to be a weak man "unskilled the church's rule", and from Callistus I of Rome (217-222) concerning the reception of backsliders and heretics who had repented. |
| − | + | Hippolytus also came into conflict with the opinions of the bishops of Rome on christological issues of the day to such an extant that came to allow himself to be elected. | |
| − | Hippolytus also came into conflict with the opinions of the bishops of Rome on christological issues of the day to such an extant that came to allow himself to be elected | + | When Pope St. Callistus I was elected Pope in 217, Hippolytus allowed himself to be elected a rival bishop of Rome, the first [[antipope]] in history, by his small band of followers, and opposed Callistus' successors, Popes Urban and Pontian as well. |
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Death | Death | ||
| − | Under the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax Hippolytus was exiled to Sardinia in 235 where he died, reportedly a martyr. His body was returned to Rome and interred in a cemetery on the Via Tiburtina. By about 255, he was considered a martyred priest by the Church in Rome, indicating that he had been reconciled with the Church and not considered a schismatic. | + | Under the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax Hippolytus was exiled to Sardinia in 235 where he died, reportedly a martyr. Hippolytus was banished to Sardinia during Emperor Maximinus' persecution of Christians in 235 with Pope Pontian, who reconciled him and brought him back into the Church. He died on Sardinia, a martyr from the sufferings he endured. His body was returned to Rome and interred in a cemetery on the Via Tiburtina. By about 255, he was considered a martyred priest by the Church in Rome, indicating that he had been reconciled with the Church and not considered a schismatic. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:04, December 27, 2019
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Hippolytus of Rome
Saint Hippolytus of Rome (about A.D. 170-235), sometimes called Ypolitus (Italian, Ippolito) was an orthodox catholic Christian priest during the persecutions. He was one of the most prolific ecclesiastical writers of the early Church and among the most important Christian theologians of the third century. He is considered by historians to have been antipope of the Church of Rome from about 217 to 235. He is venerated in the Eastern Orthodox tradition as a hieromartyr [1], and a saint. He is mentioned in the Roman Martyrology on August 3. His Orthodox feast day is January 30.
Life
The early life of Hippolytus is unknown. He was born in the second half of the second century about the year 170, probably in Rome, and lived in Rome when young. Greek was his native tongue. He is believed to have been a disciple of St. Irenaeus of Lyons and to have met Origen. At the beginning of the third century he was a priest noted for his learning, eloquence, zeal, and moral earnestness, and became a major theological writer. the biblical commentator and theologian He was one of the most important second-third century Christian theologians of the early Church, whose provenance, identity and corpus remain elusive to scholars and historians.
The best historians of literature in the ancient church, including Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome, openly confess they cannot name where Hippolytus served in leadership. They had read his works but did not possess evidence of his community. Photios I of Constantinople describes him in his Bibliotheca (cod. 121) as a
Suggested communities include Palestine, Egypt, Anatolia, Rome and regions of the mideast. He was also noted to be a bishop of an unspecified city by Eusebius of Caesarea and Jerome and by the poet Prudentius as bishop of Portus, a port for Rome. (Prudentius may have confused him with another Hippolytus, bishop of Pontos, and martyr of the third century.)
His most important work was A Refutation of All Heresies; he also wrote commentaries on Daniel and the Song of Songs and The Apostolic Traditions. In the "Refutation of All Heresies" Hippolytus set out to refute the doctrines of the Gnostics and condemn heretics by showing that their views were taken from pagan philosophy and oriental theosophy.
From the details of his work, Philosophoumena, Hippolytus apparently was in Rome during the time Victor was the bishop of Rome (189-199) and a leader of the Roman church during the pontificate of St. Zephyrinus (c. 199–217). Hippolytus was a presbyter (elder) in the church at Rome while Zephyrinus and Callistus served as the chief bishops. Hippolytus also came into conflict with the opinions of the bishops of Rome on christological issues of the day
He is known today for promoting orthodox Christology amid the confusion and bad doctrine in the church at Rome. Hippolytus was a leader of the Roman church during the pontificate of St. Zephyrinus, Zephrinus (c. 199–217). He denounced Pope Zephrinus for his leniency to the Christological heresies abroad in Rome, especially Modalism and Sabellianism, whom he attacked as being a modalist (one who conceives that the entire Trinity dwells in Christ and who maintains that the names Father and Son are only different designations for the same subject). Hippolytus, rather, was a champion of the Logos doctrine that …
The Apostolic Tradition of Hippolytus was composed in approximately 215 in Rome. It apparently preserved older second century practices which were in …
The Philosophoumena, that is a part of his larger work "Refutation of All Heresies", shows that he dissented from the compassionate views of Zephyrinus, whom he considered to be a weak man "unskilled the church's rule", and from Callistus I of Rome (217-222) concerning the reception of backsliders and heretics who had repented. Hippolytus also came into conflict with the opinions of the bishops of Rome on christological issues of the day to such an extant that came to allow himself to be elected. When Pope St. Callistus I was elected Pope in 217, Hippolytus allowed himself to be elected a rival bishop of Rome, the first antipope in history, by his small band of followers, and opposed Callistus' successors, Popes Urban and Pontian as well.
Death
Under the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax Hippolytus was exiled to Sardinia in 235 where he died, reportedly a martyr. Hippolytus was banished to Sardinia during Emperor Maximinus' persecution of Christians in 235 with Pope Pontian, who reconciled him and brought him back into the Church. He died on Sardinia, a martyr from the sufferings he endured. His body was returned to Rome and interred in a cemetery on the Via Tiburtina. By about 255, he was considered a martyred priest by the Church in Rome, indicating that he had been reconciled with the Church and not considered a schismatic.
References
- ↑ In Eastern Orthodox tradition the word "hieromartyr" means "priest-martyr", a priest or bishop killed for being Christian. – Hieromartyr (encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com)
External links
Hippolytus of Rome - Wikipedia
Saint Hippolytus of Rome | antipope | Britannica (britannica.com)
Apostolic Tradition by Hippolytus (stjohnsarlingtonva.org) pdf
Who was Hippolytus of Rome? - GotQuestions.org
Hippolytus of Rome - OrthodoxWiki
Hippolytus of Rome - New World Encyclopedia
Source
Dictionary of Saints by John J. Delaney, Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, copyright 1980 by John J. Delaney, All Rights Reserved. ISBN: 0-385-13594-7. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 79-7783
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