Difference between revisions of "Ptolemy's Canon"

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While ''the Canon'' is considered to be one of the main and essential texts regarding the history of this period, its accuracy is known to not be absolutely perfect.
 
While ''the Canon'' is considered to be one of the main and essential texts regarding the history of this period, its accuracy is known to not be absolutely perfect.
  
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This was because to [[Ptolemy of Alexandria|Ptolemy]] the important information was the passage to the years/time in which to record his list of astronomica phenomena.  Thus he merged the established form of [[reginal time]] that people were familiar with and could relate to and populated that time data with his astronomical records; in short he never had any intention of creating a historically accurate king list. For example (but not limited to), '''it does not contain''':
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This was because to [[Ptolemy of Alexandria|Ptolemy]] the important information was the passage to the years/time in which to record his list of astronomica phenomena.  Thus he merged the established form of [[reginal time]] that people were familiar with and could relate to and populated that time data with his astronomical records; in short [[Ptolemy of Alexander]] never had any intention of creating a historically accurate king list. For example (but not limited to), '''it does not contain''':
  
 
* [[Neriglissar|Neriglissar's]] accepted successor [[Labashi-Marduk]] who may have only reigned one to three months at most (which '''is on''' on the [[Uruk King List]])
 
* [[Neriglissar|Neriglissar's]] accepted successor [[Labashi-Marduk]] who may have only reigned one to three months at most (which '''is on''' on the [[Uruk King List]])
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* [[Sennacherib]], who had destroyed Babylon.
 
* [[Sennacherib]], who had destroyed Babylon.
  
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Therefore regarding ''Ptolemy's Canon'', it is now commonly accepted that ''the Canon'' excludes "kings who reigned for less than one year".<ref>https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/<br />retrieved 10-04-2023</ref>  For example, kings who died somewhere during the year were generally allowed to give their regency to the entirety of the calander year with the next king who may have ascended in July to nominally begin their reign on the first day of the following year: [[Labashi-Marduk]] is a great example of this principle as he is lost to the more dominant reigns of both [[Neriglissar]] and [[Nabonidas]].
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Therefore regarding the accuracy of ''Ptolemy's Canon'':
 +
 
 +
1.  It is now commonly accepted that ''the Canon'' excludes "kings who reigned for less than one year".<ref>https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/<br />retrieved 10-04-2023</ref>  For example, kings who died somewhere during the year were generally allowed to give their regency to the entirety of the calander year with the next king who may have ascended in July to nominally begin their reign on the first day of the following year: [[Labashi-Marduk]] is a great example of this principle as he is lost to the more dominant reigns of both [[Neriglissar]] and [[Nabonidas]].
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 +
2. But its listing choices can be politically motivated such as regarding [[Sennacherib]] (line 12) whom the authors simply chose not to even put on the list despite their dominance for eight years.  In effect the author of ''the Canon'' said: "Now, the year 688 BC... who shall we attribute this year to?  Ah, we are simply going to say that [[Babylon]] "without a king" for eight years as we didn't like him."
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3. The document while of immesurable value, must be taken with a large grain of salt as it is not a 'king list' as such, but rather what it always claimed to be: a record of Astronomical Events.
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==Ptolemy's effective king List==
 
==Ptolemy's effective king List==
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|-
 
|-
 
| 13 || [[Asaradinos]] || Esarhaddon || 13 || 680-668
 
| 13 || [[Asaradinos]] || Esarhaddon || 13 || 680-668
 +
|-
 +
| 14 || [[Saosdouchinos]] || Šamaš-šuma-ukin || 20 || 667-648
 +
|-
 +
| 15 || [[Kineladanos]] || Kandalanu || 22 || 647-626
 +
|-
 +
| 16 || [[Nabopolassaros]] || [[Nabopolassar]] || 21 || 625-605
 +
|-
 +
| 17 || [[Nabokolassaros]] || [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] || 43 || 604-562
 +
|-
 +
| 18 || [[Illoaroudamos]] || [[Amel-Marduk]] || 02 || 561-560
 +
|-
 +
| 19 || [[Nerigasolassaros]] || [[Neriglissar]] || 04 || 559-556
 +
|-
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| 20 || [[Nabonadios]] || [[Nabonidus]] || 17 || 555-539
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 +
  
  

Revision as of 15:54, April 10, 2023

The Canon of Ptolemy, Ptolemy's Canon or simply the Canon, derives its name from the astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria. He used the old reginal dating system and fused it with astronomical events to create a list of kings in Babylonia and the Near East with corelating and dates of their reign from Assyrian times through to the successors of Alexander: yet it is critical to note that the purpose of the Canon was not to date kings, but rather to date astronomica phenomena.


Accuracy

While the Canon is considered to be one of the main and essential texts regarding the history of this period, its accuracy is known to not be absolutely perfect.

This was because to Ptolemy the important information was the passage to the years/time in which to record his list of astronomica phenomena. Thus he merged the established form of reginal time that people were familiar with and could relate to and populated that time data with his astronomical records; in short Ptolemy of Alexander never had any intention of creating a historically accurate king list. For example (but not limited to), it does not contain:


Therefore regarding the accuracy of Ptolemy's Canon:

1. It is now commonly accepted that the Canon excludes "kings who reigned for less than one year".[1] For example, kings who died somewhere during the year were generally allowed to give their regency to the entirety of the calander year with the next king who may have ascended in July to nominally begin their reign on the first day of the following year: Labashi-Marduk is a great example of this principle as he is lost to the more dominant reigns of both Neriglissar and Nabonidas.

2. But its listing choices can be politically motivated such as regarding Sennacherib (line 12) whom the authors simply chose not to even put on the list despite their dominance for eight years. In effect the author of the Canon said: "Now, the year 688 BC... who shall we attribute this year to? Ah, we are simply going to say that Babylon "without a king" for eight years as we didn't like him."

3. The document while of immesurable value, must be taken with a large grain of salt as it is not a 'king list' as such, but rather what it always claimed to be: a record of Astronomical Events.


Ptolemy's effective king List

a full table is inbound, but for now such a table may be found at:

https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/

No. Name Name (Modern) Regnal Years Simplified Dates
01 Nabonassaros Nabû-Nasir 14 747-734
02 Nadios Nabû-nadin-zer 02 733-732
03 Chinzer and Poro Tiglath-Pileser III 05 731-727
04 Iloulaios Šalmaneser V 05 726-722
05 Mardokempados Marduk-apla-iddina II 12 721-710
06 Arkeanos Sargon II 06 709-704
07 Without kings (Marduk-zakir-šumi and Marduk-bêl-iddin
were not recognized by the Babylonians)		 02 704-703
08 Bilibos Bêl-ipni 03 702-700
09 Aparanadios Aššur-nadin-šumni 06 699-694
10 Rhegebelos Nergal-ušezib 01 693
11 Mesesimordakos Mušezib-Marduk 04 692-689
12 Without kings Sennacherib, who had destroyed Babylon, was not recognized 08 688-681
13 Asaradinos Esarhaddon 13 680-668
14 Saosdouchinos Šamaš-šuma-ukin 20 667-648
15 Kineladanos Kandalanu 22 647-626
16 Nabopolassaros Nabopolassar 21 625-605
17 Nabokolassaros Nebuchadnezzar II 43 604-562
18 Illoaroudamos Amel-Marduk 02 561-560
19 Nerigasolassaros Neriglissar 04 559-556
20 Nabonadios Nabonidus 17 555-539



21 Kyros Cyrus II the Great 09 538-530
21 Kambysos Cambyses II 08 529-522
22 Dareios the First Darius I the Great 36 521-486

External Links

Ptolemy's Canon, https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/

Uruk King List, https://www.livius.org/sources/content/uruk-king-list/


References

  1. ↑ https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/
    retrieved 10-04-2023
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