Difference between revisions of "Tommy Armstrong"
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| term_start=February 27, 1991 | | term_start=February 27, 1991 | ||
| term_end=1992 | | term_end=1992 | ||
| − | | preceded=Robert P. "Bobby" Waddell | + | | preceded=[[Robert Waddell|Robert P. "Bobby" Waddell]] |
| − | | succeeded=C.O. | + | | succeeded=Cuthbert Ormond "C. O" Simpkins, Sr. |
| office2=President, Caddo Parish Commission | | office2=President, Caddo Parish Commission | ||
| term_start2=1987 | | term_start2=1987 | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
| residence=Shreveport, Louisiana | | residence=Shreveport, Louisiana | ||
| religion=[[Protestant]] | | religion=[[Protestant]] | ||
| − | | alma_mater=[[Northwestern State University]] | + | | alma_mater=Clifton Ellis Byrd High School<br> |
| + | [[Northwestern State University]] | ||
| occupation=[[Real estate]] developer | | occupation=[[Real estate]] developer | ||
| spouse=Kathryn Genevieve Mulina Armstrong,<br>aka Ginger Armstrong | | spouse=Kathryn Genevieve Mulina Armstrong,<br>aka Ginger Armstrong | ||
| Line 35: | Line 36: | ||
George Marcus and Myrtle Cato Armstrong | George Marcus and Myrtle Cato Armstrong | ||
| footnotes='''Note''':<br> | | footnotes='''Note''':<br> | ||
| − | *Though he served for fifteen years on the Caddo Parish Commission and its predecessor, the police jury, and a one-year term in the Louisiana House of Representatives, Armstrong in 1991 lost his bid for state senator | + | *Though he served for fifteen years on the Caddo Parish Commission and its predecessor, the police jury, and a one-year term in the Louisiana House of Representatives, Armstrong in 1991 lost his bid for state senator by 754 votes to Ronald Clarence "Ron" Bean (1938-2005), a [[Moderate Republican]], who was once a pilot for [[U.S. President]] [[Richard M. Nixon]]. |
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| − | '''Tommy Gene Armstrong''' (born February 19, 1941) is a [[business]]man from his native [[Shreveport]], [[Louisiana]], who served as a [[Republican Party|Republican]] state representative, only from 1991 to 1992. He filled the unexpired term of the [[Democratic Party|Democrat]], Robert P. "Bobby" Waddell, who resigned to become a state district court [[judge]]. | + | '''Tommy Gene Armstrong''' (born February 19, 1941) is a [[business]]man from his native [[Shreveport]], [[Louisiana]], who served as a [[Republican Party|Republican]] state representative, only from 1991 to 1992. He filled the unexpired term of the [[Democratic Party|Democrat]], [[Robert Waddell|Robert P. "Bobby" Waddell, Sr.]], who resigned to become a state district court [[judge]]. Armstrong was elected to the House from District 4 on February 23, 1991, with 50.5 percent of the vote over two Democratic opponents, Forrest A. Davis and Stephen B. Carter.<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Special election returns, February 23, 1991.</ref> Years later, judge Waddell switched his registration to Republican. |
==State senate race== | ==State senate race== | ||
| | ||
| − | When Armstrong won the District 4 House seat, the lines were under the 1980 [[census]]. He did not pursue a full term in 1991 because, under the 1990 census, District 4 became majority [[African American]] and heavily Democratic. Instead, Armstrong contested the District 38 seat vin the state Senate vacated by the three-term Democratic [[incumbent]], Richard Grady Neeson, Sr., also of Shreveport. Armstrong's principal rival was Ron Bean, a [[Moderate Republican] | + | When Armstrong won the District 4 House seat, the lines were under the 1980 [[census]]. He did not pursue a full term in 1991 because, under the 1990 census, District 4 became majority [[African American]] and heavily Democratic. Instead, Armstrong contested the District 38 seat vin the state Senate vacated by the three-term Democratic [[incumbent]], [[Richard Nesson|Richard Grady Neeson, Sr.]], also of Shreveport. Armstrong's principal rival was [[Ron Bean]], a [[Moderate Republican]] who had narrowly lost to Neeson in the 1987 election and had once been a pilot for [[U.S. President]] [[Richard M. Nixon]]. Armstrong led in the nonpartisan blanket primary held on October 19, 1991, with 13,354 votes (40 percent). Bean trailed with 8,866 votes (26 percent). Ken Wright, another Republican candidate, received with 6,088 votes (18 percent). Democrat Bobby Bruce Shofner (born 1948) finished last with 5,494 votes (15 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 19, 1991.</ref> In the [[general election]], Bean narrowly defeated Armstrong, 20,474 (51 percent) to 19,720 (49 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, General election returns, November 16, 1991.</ref> |
| − | Armstrong was known for his opposition to [[gambling]]. In 1996, he joined several [[Baptist]] ministers in appearing before the Caddo Parish Commission, on which he had previously served as a member and president, to oppose video [[poker]] at a truck stop near Keithville in south Caddo Parish, where Armstrong resides. Armstrong cited a number of publications which link political corruption to the licensing of video-poker installations. He opposed a request from Carl J. King and wife to build the video poker outlet within a forbidden B-2 zone. Such a permit would, he told commissioners, constitute "spot zoning. The Louisiana Supreme Court upheld the commission's decision to deny the needed permit to the Kings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasc.org/opinions/97c1873.opn.PDF|title=Louisiana Supreme Court: Carl J. King ''et xu'' Caddo Parish Commission (No. 97-C-1873)|publisher=lasc.org|accessdate= | + | Armstrong was known for his opposition to [[gambling]]. In 1996, he joined several [[Baptist]] ministers in appearing before the Caddo Parish Commission, on which he had previously served as a member and president, to oppose video [[poker]] at a truck stop near Keithville in south Caddo Parish, where Armstrong resides. Armstrong cited a number of publications which link political corruption to the licensing of video-poker installations. He opposed a request from Carl J. King and wife to build the video poker outlet within a forbidden B-2 zone. Such a permit would, he told commissioners, constitute "spot zoning. The Louisiana Supreme Court upheld the commission's decision to deny the needed permit to the Kings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lasc.org/opinions/97c1873.opn.PDF|title=Louisiana Supreme Court: Carl J. King ''et xu'' Caddo Parish Commission (No. 97-C-1873)|publisher=lasc.org|accessdate=October 22, 2019}}</ref> |
==Caddo Parish commissioner== | ==Caddo Parish commissioner== | ||
| | ||
| − | In 1978, Armstrong was one of four Republicans defeated for newly established seats on the seven-member Shreveport City Council, when the | + | In 1978, Armstrong was one of four Republicans defeated for newly established seats on the seven-member Shreveport City Council, when the mayor-council government superseded the former city commission format. Armstrong, along with B. Leonard Critcher (born 1944), a financial planner who subsequently relocated to [[Dallas]], [[Texas]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coveringassets.com/about/|title=B. Leonard Critcher|publisher=coveringassets.com|accessdate=January 22, 2015; no longer on-line}}</ref> Joe E. Wallace, and the African- American, L. V. Myles, was defeated in the second round of balloting by Democratic candidates, who hence became the first council members under the new and still continuing system of government.<ref>Billy Hathorn, ''The Republican Party in Louisiana'' ([[Natchitoches, Louisiana]]: [[Northwestern State University]], 1980), p. 278.</ref><ref>''[[Shreveport Journal]],'' November 8, 1978, p. 1.</ref> |
On December 10, 1984, Armstrong assumed the District 11 seat on the 12-member Caddo Parish Commission, the parish governing board. From 1987 to 1989, Armstrong was the commission president.<ref name=samuels>Veta Samuels, "The History of the Caddo Parish Commission."</ref> He was succeeded in the presidential slot by [[Lloyd Lenard]], another Republican member. The Caddo Parish Commission was formerly the 20-member Caddo Police Jury, on which Armstrong also served from Ward 19 from 1976 to 1984.<ref name=samuels/> Armstrong is a former president of the Police Jury Association of Louisiana.<ref name=whoswho/> In his last election to the commission in 1987, Armstrong prevailed with 4,883 votes (59.5 percent), having won outright over a fellow Republican, Billy R. Walker, and a Democratic opponent, Derrel Franks.<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 24, 1987.</ref> | On December 10, 1984, Armstrong assumed the District 11 seat on the 12-member Caddo Parish Commission, the parish governing board. From 1987 to 1989, Armstrong was the commission president.<ref name=samuels>Veta Samuels, "The History of the Caddo Parish Commission."</ref> He was succeeded in the presidential slot by [[Lloyd Lenard]], another Republican member. The Caddo Parish Commission was formerly the 20-member Caddo Police Jury, on which Armstrong also served from Ward 19 from 1976 to 1984.<ref name=samuels/> Armstrong is a former president of the Police Jury Association of Louisiana.<ref name=whoswho/> In his last election to the commission in 1987, Armstrong prevailed with 4,883 votes (59.5 percent), having won outright over a fellow Republican, Billy R. Walker, and a Democratic opponent, Derrel Franks.<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 24, 1987.</ref> | ||
| − | The next month, in November 1987, Armstrong made a presentation before the Republican caucus for consideration to be his party's candidate in a [[special election]] for Louisiana's 4th congressional district. The seat was vacated by U.S. Representative [[Buddy Roemer]], who became [[governor]] in 1988. The caucus, however, chose [[Jim McCrery]], a | + | The next month, in November 1987, Armstrong made a presentation before the Republican caucus for consideration to be his party's candidate in a [[special election]] for Louisiana's 4th congressional district. The seat was vacated by U.S. Representative [[Buddy Roemer]], who became [[governor]] in 1988. The caucus, however, chose [[Jim McCrery]], a former Democrat-turned-Moderate Republican as its choice to carry the GOP banner, and Armstrong did not enter the contest in which McCrery prevailed.<ref>"McCrery Gets 4th District Nod," ''Minden Press-Herald,'' November 25, 1987, p. 1.</ref> |
| − | Armstrong resigned from the Caddo Parish Commission on February 27, 1991, to become state representative. The commissioners then named Mrs. Armstrong, the former Kathryn Mulina, known as Ginger Armstrong (born January 1941), to fill the remaining months of the term.<ref name=samuels/> Ginger Armstrong is also a former member of the Caddo Parish School Board. | + | Armstrong resigned from the Caddo Parish Commission on February 27, 1991, to become state representative. The commissioners then named Mrs. Armstrong, the former Kathryn Mulina, known as Ginger Armstrong (born January 1941), to fill the remaining months of the term.<ref name=samuels/> Ginger Armstrong is also a former member of the Caddo Parish School Board. She was defeated for reelection to the school board in the runoff election held on December 6, 2014. Armstrong polled 2,597 votes (42.9 percent) to fellow Republican Kacee Hargrave Kirschvink's 3,449 (57.1 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Election Returns, December 6, 2014.</ref> |
| − | Kacee Hargrave Kirschvink's 3,449 (57.1 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Election Returns, December 6, 2014.</ref> | ||
==Other political matters== | ==Other political matters== | ||
| − | Armstrong was an alternate delegate to the 1988 [[Republican National Convention]] held in [[New Orleans]] to nominate the [[George Herbert Walker Bush|Bush]]/[[Dan Quayle|Quayle]] ticket.<ref>{{cite web|url= | + | Armstrong was an alternate delegate to the 1988 [[Republican National Convention]] held in [[New Orleans]] to nominate the [[George Herbert Walker Bush|Bush]]/[[Dan Quayle|Quayle]] ticket.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/armstrong.html |
| − | http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/armstrong.html | + | |title=Political Graveyard: Armstrong|publisher=Politicalgraveyard.com|accessdate=October 22, 2019}}</ref> |
| − | |title=Political Graveyard: Armstrong|publisher= | ||
In 1995, Armstrong ran again for the House in District 7, which includes parts of south Caddo and northern De Soto parishes. Armstrong polled 5,477 votes (45.3 percent) and was forced into a general election contest with the Democrat [[Beverly Bruce]] of Mansfield, who received 5,559 (46 percent). A third candidate, Republican Lance Allan Britton (born 1943), also of Mansfield, held the remaining but critical 1,061 votes (8.8 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 21, 1995.</ref> Britton in 1975, while living in [[Baton Rouge]], had been the only statewide Republican candidate that year; he made a vain bid to unseat then Lieutenant Governor [[Jimmy Fitzmorris]]. In the general election, Bruce prevailed, 7,027 (53 percent) to Armstrong's 6,235 (47 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, General election returns, November 18, 1995.</ref> | In 1995, Armstrong ran again for the House in District 7, which includes parts of south Caddo and northern De Soto parishes. Armstrong polled 5,477 votes (45.3 percent) and was forced into a general election contest with the Democrat [[Beverly Bruce]] of Mansfield, who received 5,559 (46 percent). A third candidate, Republican Lance Allan Britton (born 1943), also of Mansfield, held the remaining but critical 1,061 votes (8.8 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 21, 1995.</ref> Britton in 1975, while living in [[Baton Rouge]], had been the only statewide Republican candidate that year; he made a vain bid to unseat then Lieutenant Governor [[Jimmy Fitzmorris]]. In the general election, Bruce prevailed, 7,027 (53 percent) to Armstrong's 6,235 (47 percent).<ref>Louisiana Secretary of State, General election returns, November 18, 1995.</ref> | ||
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Armstrong is a son of George Marcus and Myrtle Cato Armstrong. He and his wife own and operate Armstrong Properties of Louisiana. He graduated in 1967 from [[Northwestern State University]] in [[Natchitoches, Louisiana|Natchitoches]]. He is a former chapter president of Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity and a member of the Society for Collegiate Journalists, now known as Alpha Phi Gamma. He also attended Centenary College and LaSalle University Law School in Louisiana. He is a member of Lions International] the Masonic lodge, and the Shriners.<ref name=whoswho>"Louisiana: Tommy Gene Armstrong," ''Who's Who in American Politics, 2007-2008'' (Marquis Who's Who: [New Providence, [[New Jersey]], 2007), p. 649.</ref> | Armstrong is a son of George Marcus and Myrtle Cato Armstrong. He and his wife own and operate Armstrong Properties of Louisiana. He graduated in 1967 from [[Northwestern State University]] in [[Natchitoches, Louisiana|Natchitoches]]. He is a former chapter president of Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity and a member of the Society for Collegiate Journalists, now known as Alpha Phi Gamma. He also attended Centenary College and LaSalle University Law School in Louisiana. He is a member of Lions International] the Masonic lodge, and the Shriners.<ref name=whoswho>"Louisiana: Tommy Gene Armstrong," ''Who's Who in American Politics, 2007-2008'' (Marquis Who's Who: [New Providence, [[New Jersey]], 2007), p. 649.</ref> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | In 2001, Armstrong was listed in the NSU alumni magazine as an employee of the Department of Risk Management for the Caddo Parish School Board. Mrs. Armstrong, a 1962 NSU graduate, retired from public school teaching in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://northwesternalumni.com/s/859/images/FileLibrary/ca3474dc-ab6e-4d31-a9e2-489382d2f827.pdf|title=NSU Alumni Columns, Spring 2001|publisher=northwesternalumni.com|accessdate=May 1, 2010}}</ref> The Armstrongs have three children, Alisa Rene Armstrong Holmes, Alaine Rochelle Armstrong Stewart, and Thomas Marcus Armstrong.<ref name=whoswho/> | + | In 2001, Armstrong was listed in the NSU alumni magazine as an employee of the Department of Risk Management for the Caddo Parish School Board. Mrs. Armstrong, a 1962 NSU graduate, retired from public school teaching in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://northwesternalumni.com/s/859/images/FileLibrary/ca3474dc-ab6e-4d31-a9e2-489382d2f827.pdf|title=NSU Alumni Columns, Spring 2001|publisher=northwesternalumni.com|accessdate=May 1, 2010; no longer on-line}}</ref> |
| + | |||
| + | The Armstrongs have three children, Alisa Rene Armstrong Holmes, Alaine Rochelle Armstrong Stewart, and Thomas Marcus Armstrong.<ref name=whoswho/> | ||
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[[Category:Business People]] | [[Category:Business People]] | ||
[[Category:Politicians]] | [[Category:Politicians]] | ||
| + | [[Category:State Representatives]] | ||
[[Category:Republicans]] | [[Category:Republicans]] | ||
[[Category:Conservatives]] | [[Category:Conservatives]] | ||
[[Category:Christians]] | [[Category:Christians]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:39, December 13, 2023
| Tommy Gene Armstrong | |
Louisiana State Representative
for District 4 (Caddo Parish) | |
| In office February 27, 1991 – 1992 | |
| Preceded by | Robert P. "Bobby" Waddell |
|---|---|
| Succeeded by | Cuthbert Ormond "C. O" Simpkins, Sr. |
President, Caddo Parish Commission
| |
| In office 1987 – 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Roy M. Hopkins |
| Succeeded by | Lloyd Lenard |
Member, Caddo Parish Commission for District 11
| |
| In office 1984 – 1991 | |
| Preceded by | New position |
| Succeeded by | Ginger Armstrong |
Member, Caddo Parish Police Jury for Ward 19
| |
| In office 1976 – 1984 | |
| Preceded by | |
| Succeeded by | Position ended |
| Born | February 19, 1941 Shreveport, Louisiana |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Kathryn Genevieve Mulina Armstrong, aka Ginger Armstrong |
| Children | Alisa Rene Armstrong Holmes Alaine Rochelle Armstrong Stewart |
| Residence | Shreveport, Louisiana |
| Alma mater | Clifton Ellis Byrd High School |
| Occupation | Real estate developer |
| Religion | Protestant |
Note:
| |
Tommy Gene Armstrong (born February 19, 1941) is a businessman from his native Shreveport, Louisiana, who served as a Republican state representative, only from 1991 to 1992. He filled the unexpired term of the Democrat, Robert P. "Bobby" Waddell, Sr., who resigned to become a state district court judge. Armstrong was elected to the House from District 4 on February 23, 1991, with 50.5 percent of the vote over two Democratic opponents, Forrest A. Davis and Stephen B. Carter.[1] Years later, judge Waddell switched his registration to Republican.
State senate race
When Armstrong won the District 4 House seat, the lines were under the 1980 census. He did not pursue a full term in 1991 because, under the 1990 census, District 4 became majority African American and heavily Democratic. Instead, Armstrong contested the District 38 seat vin the state Senate vacated by the three-term Democratic incumbent, Richard Grady Neeson, Sr., also of Shreveport. Armstrong's principal rival was Ron Bean, a Moderate Republican who had narrowly lost to Neeson in the 1987 election and had once been a pilot for U.S. President Richard M. Nixon. Armstrong led in the nonpartisan blanket primary held on October 19, 1991, with 13,354 votes (40 percent). Bean trailed with 8,866 votes (26 percent). Ken Wright, another Republican candidate, received with 6,088 votes (18 percent). Democrat Bobby Bruce Shofner (born 1948) finished last with 5,494 votes (15 percent).[2] In the general election, Bean narrowly defeated Armstrong, 20,474 (51 percent) to 19,720 (49 percent).[3]
Armstrong was known for his opposition to gambling. In 1996, he joined several Baptist ministers in appearing before the Caddo Parish Commission, on which he had previously served as a member and president, to oppose video poker at a truck stop near Keithville in south Caddo Parish, where Armstrong resides. Armstrong cited a number of publications which link political corruption to the licensing of video-poker installations. He opposed a request from Carl J. King and wife to build the video poker outlet within a forbidden B-2 zone. Such a permit would, he told commissioners, constitute "spot zoning. The Louisiana Supreme Court upheld the commission's decision to deny the needed permit to the Kings.[4]
Caddo Parish commissioner
In 1978, Armstrong was one of four Republicans defeated for newly established seats on the seven-member Shreveport City Council, when the mayor-council government superseded the former city commission format. Armstrong, along with B. Leonard Critcher (born 1944), a financial planner who subsequently relocated to Dallas, Texas;[5] Joe E. Wallace, and the African- American, L. V. Myles, was defeated in the second round of balloting by Democratic candidates, who hence became the first council members under the new and still continuing system of government.[6][7]
On December 10, 1984, Armstrong assumed the District 11 seat on the 12-member Caddo Parish Commission, the parish governing board. From 1987 to 1989, Armstrong was the commission president.[8] He was succeeded in the presidential slot by Lloyd Lenard, another Republican member. The Caddo Parish Commission was formerly the 20-member Caddo Police Jury, on which Armstrong also served from Ward 19 from 1976 to 1984.[8] Armstrong is a former president of the Police Jury Association of Louisiana.[9] In his last election to the commission in 1987, Armstrong prevailed with 4,883 votes (59.5 percent), having won outright over a fellow Republican, Billy R. Walker, and a Democratic opponent, Derrel Franks.[10]
The next month, in November 1987, Armstrong made a presentation before the Republican caucus for consideration to be his party's candidate in a special election for Louisiana's 4th congressional district. The seat was vacated by U.S. Representative Buddy Roemer, who became governor in 1988. The caucus, however, chose Jim McCrery, a former Democrat-turned-Moderate Republican as its choice to carry the GOP banner, and Armstrong did not enter the contest in which McCrery prevailed.[11]
Armstrong resigned from the Caddo Parish Commission on February 27, 1991, to become state representative. The commissioners then named Mrs. Armstrong, the former Kathryn Mulina, known as Ginger Armstrong (born January 1941), to fill the remaining months of the term.[8] Ginger Armstrong is also a former member of the Caddo Parish School Board. She was defeated for reelection to the school board in the runoff election held on December 6, 2014. Armstrong polled 2,597 votes (42.9 percent) to fellow Republican Kacee Hargrave Kirschvink's 3,449 (57.1 percent).[12]
Other political matters
Armstrong was an alternate delegate to the 1988 Republican National Convention held in New Orleans to nominate the Bush/Quayle ticket.[13]
In 1995, Armstrong ran again for the House in District 7, which includes parts of south Caddo and northern De Soto parishes. Armstrong polled 5,477 votes (45.3 percent) and was forced into a general election contest with the Democrat Beverly Bruce of Mansfield, who received 5,559 (46 percent). A third candidate, Republican Lance Allan Britton (born 1943), also of Mansfield, held the remaining but critical 1,061 votes (8.8 percent).[14] Britton in 1975, while living in Baton Rouge, had been the only statewide Republican candidate that year; he made a vain bid to unseat then Lieutenant Governor Jimmy Fitzmorris. In the general election, Bruce prevailed, 7,027 (53 percent) to Armstrong's 6,235 (47 percent).[15]
Personal life
Armstrong is a son of George Marcus and Myrtle Cato Armstrong. He and his wife own and operate Armstrong Properties of Louisiana. He graduated in 1967 from Northwestern State University in Natchitoches. He is a former chapter president of Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity and a member of the Society for Collegiate Journalists, now known as Alpha Phi Gamma. He also attended Centenary College and LaSalle University Law School in Louisiana. He is a member of Lions International] the Masonic lodge, and the Shriners.[9]
In 2001, Armstrong was listed in the NSU alumni magazine as an employee of the Department of Risk Management for the Caddo Parish School Board. Mrs. Armstrong, a 1962 NSU graduate, retired from public school teaching in 1998.[16]
The Armstrongs have three children, Alisa Rene Armstrong Holmes, Alaine Rochelle Armstrong Stewart, and Thomas Marcus Armstrong.[9]
References
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, Special election returns, February 23, 1991.
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 19, 1991.
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, General election returns, November 16, 1991.
- ↑ Louisiana Supreme Court: Carl J. King et xu Caddo Parish Commission (No. 97-C-1873). lasc.org. Retrieved on October 22, 2019.
- ↑ B. Leonard Critcher. coveringassets.com. Retrieved on January 22, 2015; no longer on-line.
- ↑ Billy Hathorn, The Republican Party in Louisiana (Natchitoches, Louisiana: Northwestern State University, 1980), p. 278.
- ↑ Shreveport Journal, November 8, 1978, p. 1.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Veta Samuels, "The History of the Caddo Parish Commission."
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Louisiana: Tommy Gene Armstrong," Who's Who in American Politics, 2007-2008 (Marquis Who's Who: [New Providence, New Jersey, 2007), p. 649.
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 24, 1987.
- ↑ "McCrery Gets 4th District Nod," Minden Press-Herald, November 25, 1987, p. 1.
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, Election Returns, December 6, 2014.
- ↑ Political Graveyard: Armstrong. Politicalgraveyard.com. Retrieved on October 22, 2019.
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, Primary election returns, October 21, 1995.
- ↑ Louisiana Secretary of State, General election returns, November 18, 1995.
- ↑ NSU Alumni Columns, Spring 2001. northwesternalumni.com. Retrieved on May 1, 2010; no longer on-line.