Difference between revisions of "Second-order thinking"
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*[[Rational thinking]] | *[[Rational thinking]] | ||
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| + | == External thinking == | ||
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| + | *[https://fs.blog/second-order-thinking/ Second-Order Thinking: What Smart People Use to Outperform] | ||
| + | *[https://untools.co/second-order-thinking/ Second-order thinking: Consider the long-term consequences of your decisions.] | ||
| + | *[https://www.mindtools.com/ar3obbe/howard-marks-second-level-thinking-skills/ Howard Marks' Second Level Thinking Skills] | ||
[[Category: Logic]] | [[Category: Logic]] | ||
Revision as of 14:16, February 26, 2026
Second-order thinking (also called second-level thinking) involves deliberately looking beyond the immediate, obvious consequences (first-order effects) of a choice to anticipate the subsequent ripple effects, chain reactions, long-term implications, and unintended outcomes. It is a powerful mental model for superior decision-making that was popularized by investor Howard Marks in his book The Most Important Thing (2011). Seconder order thinking separates average thinkers from exceptional ones — especially in investing, strategy, leadership, and life decisions.
Second order thinking frequently discussed by investors Ray Daliom Shane Parrish (Farnam Street), and others.