Difference between revisions of "Suppression of alternatives to evolution"

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==== Richard Sternberg ====
 
==== Richard Sternberg ====
 
{{main|Smithsonian-Sternberg affair}}.
 
{{main|Smithsonian-Sternberg affair}}.
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==== Guillermo Gonzalez ====
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Guillermo Gonzalez was denied [[tenure]] and promotion to associate professor by [[Iowa State University]], despite apparently easily meeting their criteria.
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The university's stated criteria for promotion to associate professor says that "For promotion to associate professor, excellence sufficient to lead to a national or international reputation is required and would ordinarily be shown by the publication of approximately fifteen papers of good quality in refereed journals".
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Gonzalez exceeded this by 350%, with 68 such papers, including papers that had surprisingly high numbers of citations.
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But Gonzales co-authored a book in 2004 which reveals his support for Intelligent Design, and two of his colleagues have admitted that his views on intelligent design were a factor in denying Gonzalez tenure.<ref>Grigg, 2007</ref><ref>Klinghoffer, 2007</ref>
  
 
=== Court challenges ===
 
=== Court challenges ===

Revision as of 13:16, November 17, 2007

There exists widespread suppression of creationism and Intelligent Design, ideas which oppose the concept of evolution.

History

Until Charles Darwin popularised the idea of evolution in the middle of the 19th century, most people including the vast majority of scientists were creationists. Over the next 50 to 100 years, however, evolution came to be the ruling paradigm in the biological sciences in particular, and science in general.

In the early 1960s, creationism began a resurgence, followed a few decades later by Intelligent Design. Once these ideas had started to gain a degree of popularity, however, many people, committed to evolutionary thought, began to oppose these competing views of the history of life. (These people generally consider Intelligent Design to be creationism in disguise, although there are significant differences between the two ideas.)

However, this opposition has not been merely academic debate of the merits of the competing ideas, but a concerted effort to suppress creationism and Intelligent Design. This opposition has included keeping the ideas out of the education system and marginalising or ridiculing the ideas in the mass media.

It appears from various reports reaching this office, that a trend is developing in the halls of Academe … that Liberalism’s great contribution to American education, namely “Academic Freedom” has become a victim of incest, having been raped by its own sires … . [A] former Louisiana State Senator … said instances [of] … pro-creationism professors and teachers … being dismissed have begun to proliferate in the past ten years … highly-qualified educators denied tenure or otherwise discriminated against simply because they hold views or engage in activities which oppose the tenets of … [evolutionism].[1]

The movie Expelled by Ben Stein and due for release in February 2008 is being promoted as exposing the suppression of alternatives to evolution.

Ideology

The motivation for suppressing views opposed to evolution includes anti-theistic ideologies.

Richard Lewontin:

We take the side of science in spite of the patent absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promises of health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories, because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to materialism.

It is not that the methods and institutions of science somehow compel us to accept a material explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation and a set of concepts that produce material explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine Foot in the door.[2]

Vilification

Anti-creationists have often openly vilified creation and creationists:

  • Isaac Asimov said that all "creationists are stupid, lying people who are not to be trusted in any way." and that all of their "points are equally stupid, except where the creationists are outrightly lying."[3]
  • Richard Dawkins said that anyone rejecting evolution is "ignorant, stupid or insane (or wicked—but I’d rather not consider that)"[4]

Creationary scientists frequently have their qualifications questioned, blatantly or subtly.

  • On the web-site of the British Centre for Science Education, the article about Creation Ministries International lists CMI's senior staff, but for each scientist listed, puts quote marks around the word "scientist", implying that they are not really scientists.[5]

Yet each of the scientists listed holds valid qualifications from reputable secular universities.

Cases of suppression

Employment affected

In many cases, individuals have been fired, threatened with being fired, demoted, moved, or not employed.

Lloyd Dale

Lloyd Dale was an award-winning and highly-qualified high school teacher in South Dakota who was fired in 1980 for teaching about both evolution and creation.[6]

Forrest Mims

Forrest Mims III is a science writer who, by 1990, had seen more than 500 of his articles published in 62 newspapers and magazines.

Science magazine Scientific American invited him to submit some articles for their Amateur Scientist column, and the expectation was that these would lead on to a permanent job.

The articles were published in 1990, and the editor described Mims' work as "first rate", but when he discovered that Mims was a creationist, Mims was denied further work with the magazine.[7]

Richard Sternberg

For a more detailed treatment, see Smithsonian-Sternberg affair.
.

Guillermo Gonzalez

Guillermo Gonzalez was denied tenure and promotion to associate professor by Iowa State University, despite apparently easily meeting their criteria. The university's stated criteria for promotion to associate professor says that "For promotion to associate professor, excellence sufficient to lead to a national or international reputation is required and would ordinarily be shown by the publication of approximately fifteen papers of good quality in refereed journals". Gonzalez exceeded this by 350%, with 68 such papers, including papers that had surprisingly high numbers of citations.

But Gonzales co-authored a book in 2004 which reveals his support for Intelligent Design, and two of his colleagues have admitted that his views on intelligent design were a factor in denying Gonzalez tenure.[8][9]

Court challenges

Peer review

A frequent criticism of creationism and Intelligent Design is that they fail to pass peer review, and cannot therefore be considered scientific.

Creationists and Intelligent Design proponents counter that they fail to pass peer review on the grounds of ideology, not scientific merit.

One columnist wrote:

Note the circularity: Critics of ID have long argued that the theory was unscientific because it had not been put forward in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Now that it has, they argue that it shouldn't have been because it's unscientific.[10]

Chemistry in Australia

The April 2007 issue of Chemistry in Australia included an article titled "creationist’s view of the intelligent design debate", written by John Ashton, chemist and Fellow of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute (RACI), publishers of the journal.

The outcry against the article by evolutionists, which included effectively calling Ashton a liar, sweepings dismissals of creationism, but little if anything in the way of actual rebuttal, resulted in the RACI removing mention of the article from their web-site.[11]

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

In August 2004[12] the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington published a paper by Stephen Meyer[13] which gave an overview of Intelligent Design arguments. (See also Richard Sternberg, above.)

The ensuing outcry, including from people who had not even read the paper, resulted in the Biological Society of Washington undertaking to never again publish anything about Intelligent Design.

There were claims that the paper had bypassed the peer review process, but these were shown to be false.[14] The refusal to ever publish on the topic again was not on the grounds of not passing peer review, but in line with the American Association for the Advancement of Science's position that Intelligent Design is not science.[15][16][17][18]

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ Haney, K., Academic freedom’s double standard, Christian Times, p. 4, 28 June 1985, quoted by Bergman, 1995.
  2. ↑ Lewontin, Richard, Billions and billions of demons, The New York Review, p. 31, 9 January 1997, quoted in Amazing admission, Creation 20(3):24, June 1998.
  3. ↑ Asimov, L., Is Big Brother watching? The Humanist 44(4):6–10, 1984, quoted by Bergman, 2005
  4. ↑ Barnes, 2007
  5. ↑ Creation Ministries International on the BSCE web-site.
  6. ↑ Bergman, 1986, p.61.
  7. ↑ Anon., 1991.
  8. ↑ Grigg, 2007
  9. ↑ Klinghoffer, 2007
  10. ↑ Klinghoffer, 2005
  11. ↑ Walker, 2007
  12. ↑ Meyer, 2004. The on-line archives of the magazine list it as June 2004 [1], but this is not considered reliable, as the same source lists both of the following two issues as being December 2004.
  13. ↑ Meyer, 2004
  14. ↑ McVay, 2005
  15. ↑ Sternberg
  16. ↑ Statement from the Council of the Biological Society of Washington
  17. ↑ Walker, 2007
  18. ↑ Klinghoffer, 1995a
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