Difference between revisions of "Mercia"
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| − | '''Mercia''' was an independent [[Anglo-Saxon]] Kingdom on the | + | '''Mercia''' was an independent [[Anglo-Saxon]] Kingdom on the island of [[Great Britain]], roughly analogous to the modern English [[Midlands]]. Its name in English was probably the 'Marc' (meaning 'borderland', in reference to the border with [[Wales]]). It was part of the English [[Heptarchy]], and was the dominant member of it from the mid-7th to the mid-9th century A.D. Following the [[Danish]] invasions, Mercia was partitioned during the Treaty of Wedmore into the Saxon-controlled West Mercia and Danish-controlled East Mercia. Mercia was eventually united along with the other Kingdoms of the Heptarchy to create the Kingdom of [[England]]. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Area== | ||
| + | The kingdom of Mercia effectively covered all of the modern-day [[Midlands]] of England, as well as some parts of both [[Southern England|the south]] and [[northern England|north of England]] and north-east [[Wales]]. Although the extent of Mercian rule was fluid, at its greatest extent in the 7th century, kingdom corresponded approximately to the combined traditional counties [[Bedfordshire]], [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Cambridgeshire]], [[Cheshire]], [[Derbyshire]], [[Flintshire]], [[Gloucestershire]], [[Herefordshire]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[Huntingdonshire]], [[Leicestershire]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[Northamptonshire]], [[Nottinghamshire]], [[Oxfordshire]], [[Rutland]], [[Shropshire]], [[Staffordshire]], [[Warwickshire]] and [[Worcestershire]]. Southern [[Lancashire]] was also periodically under Mercian control. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Kings of the Mercians== | ||
| + | ===Iclings (House of Icel)=== | ||
| + | *'''Icel''' (''c.''488-''c.''501) | ||
| + | *'''Cnebba''' (''c.''501-''c.''566) | ||
| + | *'''Cynewald''' (''c.''566-584) | ||
| + | *'''Créoda''' (584-593) | ||
| + | *'''Pybba''' (593-606) | ||
| + | *'''Céorl''' (606-626) | ||
| + | *'''[[Penda]]''' (626-655) | ||
| + | *'''Éowa''' (co-monarch, ''c.''635-642) | ||
| + | *'''Péada''' (co-monarch, ''c.''653-656) | ||
| + | *(Mercia occupied by Northumbria, 655-658) | ||
| + | *'''Wulfhere''' (658-675) | ||
| + | *'''Æþelred''' (675-704) (abdicated) | ||
| + | *'''Cœnred''' (704-709) (abdicated) | ||
| + | *'''Céolred''' (709-716) | ||
| + | *'''Céolwald''' (716) | ||
| + | *'''Æþelbald''' (716-757) (proclaimed King of Britain, 746) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Usurper=== | ||
| + | *'''Béornred''' (757) (deposed) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===House of Offa=== | ||
| + | *'''Offa the Mighty''' (757-796) (proclaimed King of the English, 774) | ||
| + | *'''Egfriþ''' (co-monarch, 787-796) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===House of Cœnwulf=== | ||
| + | *'''Cœnwulf''' (796-821) (proclaimed Emperor) | ||
| + | *'''Cynehelm''' (812 or 821) | ||
| + | *'''Céolwulf''' (821-823) (deposed) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Elected monarchs=== | ||
| + | *'''Béornwulf''' (823-826) | ||
| + | *'''Ludeca''' (826-827) | ||
| + | *'''Wigláf''' (827-829, 830-840) | ||
| + | *(Mercia occupied by Wessex, 829-830) | ||
| + | *'''Wigmund''' (co-monarch, ''c.''840) | ||
| + | *'''Wigstan''' (840) (abdicated) | ||
| + | *'''Béorhtwulf''' (840-852) | ||
| + | *'''Burgred''' (852-874) (abdicated) | ||
| + | *'''Céolwulf the Foolish''' (874-883) | ||
| + | *'''Æþelred Mucil''' (883-911) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Ladies of the Mercians=== | ||
| + | *'''Æþelflæd''' (911-918) | ||
| + | *'''Ælfwynn''' (918-919) (deposed) | ||
| + | *(Mercia annexed by Wessex, 919) | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Medieval History]] | ||
| + | [[Category:English History]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Former Countries]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Royalty]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:40, January 20, 2025
Mercia was an independent Anglo-Saxon Kingdom on the island of Great Britain, roughly analogous to the modern English Midlands. Its name in English was probably the 'Marc' (meaning 'borderland', in reference to the border with Wales). It was part of the English Heptarchy, and was the dominant member of it from the mid-7th to the mid-9th century A.D. Following the Danish invasions, Mercia was partitioned during the Treaty of Wedmore into the Saxon-controlled West Mercia and Danish-controlled East Mercia. Mercia was eventually united along with the other Kingdoms of the Heptarchy to create the Kingdom of England.
Contents
Area
The kingdom of Mercia effectively covered all of the modern-day Midlands of England, as well as some parts of both the south and north of England and north-east Wales. Although the extent of Mercian rule was fluid, at its greatest extent in the 7th century, kingdom corresponded approximately to the combined traditional counties Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, Flintshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Rutland, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire. Southern Lancashire was also periodically under Mercian control.
Kings of the Mercians
Iclings (House of Icel)
- Icel (c.488-c.501)
- Cnebba (c.501-c.566)
- Cynewald (c.566-584)
- Créoda (584-593)
- Pybba (593-606)
- Céorl (606-626)
- Penda (626-655)
- Éowa (co-monarch, c.635-642)
- Péada (co-monarch, c.653-656)
- (Mercia occupied by Northumbria, 655-658)
- Wulfhere (658-675)
- Æþelred (675-704) (abdicated)
- Cœnred (704-709) (abdicated)
- Céolred (709-716)
- Céolwald (716)
- Æþelbald (716-757) (proclaimed King of Britain, 746)
Usurper
- Béornred (757) (deposed)
House of Offa
- Offa the Mighty (757-796) (proclaimed King of the English, 774)
- Egfriþ (co-monarch, 787-796)
House of Cœnwulf
- Cœnwulf (796-821) (proclaimed Emperor)
- Cynehelm (812 or 821)
- Céolwulf (821-823) (deposed)
Elected monarchs
- Béornwulf (823-826)
- Ludeca (826-827)
- Wigláf (827-829, 830-840)
- (Mercia occupied by Wessex, 829-830)
- Wigmund (co-monarch, c.840)
- Wigstan (840) (abdicated)
- Béorhtwulf (840-852)
- Burgred (852-874) (abdicated)
- Céolwulf the Foolish (874-883)
- Æþelred Mucil (883-911)
Ladies of the Mercians
- Æþelflæd (911-918)
- Ælfwynn (918-919) (deposed)
- (Mercia annexed by Wessex, 919)
