Difference between revisions of "Kangaroo"

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{{Taxonomy
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|name=Kangaroo
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|image=Redkangaroo1.png
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|caption=
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|domain=Eukaryota
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|kingdom=Animalia
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|subkingdom=Bilateria
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|branch=Deuterostomia
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|superphylum=
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|phylum=Chordata
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|subphylum=Vertebrata
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|infraphylum=Gnathostomata
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|microphylum=
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|superdivision=
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|division=
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|subdivision=
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|superclass=Tetrapoda
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|class=Mammalia
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|subclass=
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|infraclass=Marsupialia
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|superorder=Eometatheria
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|order=Diprotodontia
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|suborder=Macropodiformes
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|infraorder=
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|superfamily=
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|family=Macropodidae
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|subfamily=
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|supertribe=
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|tribe=
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|subtribe=
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|genera=
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|genus=Macropus
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|subgenus=
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|species=
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|binomialname=
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|sub=
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|alt=
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}}
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'''Kangaroo''' (Guugu Yimidhirr language: ''gang-oo-roo''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kangaroo</ref>), several species of large [[marsupial]] of the genus ''Macropus'' native to Australia and adjacent islands, characterized oversized hind legs by which they use hopping to move about.  The ''de facto'' symbol of Australia, kangaroos have been displayed on everything from the national coat of arms to coins, airline symbols, tourist advertisements, as well as numerous appearances in popular culture.
  
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WASHINGTON - First Iraq, now Iran. The United States has operated under a cloud of faulty intelligence in both countries.
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==Description==
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Kangaroos have large ears on top of their small heads, a long snout, and short arms with clawed fingers. Their legs are strong, powerful, and are made for leaping. Their feet have four toes at the end of elongated metatarsi that they rest on when standing. They also have a powerful, thick tail that is used as support when standing, a third-leg when walking slowly, and for counterbalance while hopping. Like all marsupials, female kangaroos have a pouch on their stomachs in which they carry their young.
  
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In a bombshell intelligence assessment, the United States has backed away from its once-ironclad assertion that Tehran is intent on building nuclear bombs.
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===Diet===
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Kangaroos are [[herbivore]]s, eating grass, roots, and shrubs. They have a chambered stomach similar to [[sheep]] and [[cattle]]. They are able to regurgitate their food, chew it again as [[cud]], and then swallow it for digestion.
  
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Where there once was certainty, there now is doubt. "We do not know whether it currently intends to develop nuclear weapons," the new estimate said Monday.
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===Social Order===
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Kangaroos travel in [[mob]]s of about ten or more males and females. The leader of the mob, called a "boomer", is a male determined by age and size. The boomer has access to females in his mob for mating and will wander around the mob intimidating any other males who try to mate with his harem.  
  
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Compare that with what then-National Intelligence Director John Negroponte told Congress in January. "Our assessment is that Tehran is determined to develop nuclear weapons."
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===Reproduction===
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Female kangaroos usually only have one baby kangaroo (called a "joey") at a time. The newborn joey weighs as little as 0.03 ounces when first born, after which it crawls into its mothers pouch where it will nurse, grow, and develop. Red Kangaroo joeys will stay in their mothers pouch for about eight months and Grey Kangaroo joeys stay in there for about one year.
  
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Just last month, President Bush, at a news conference with French President Nicolas Sarkozy, said, "We talked about Iran and the desire to work jointly to convince the Iranian regime to give up their nuclear weapons ambitions, for the sake of peace."
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=== Uses ===
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Kangaroos are commonly hunted for their meat, with it being exported all over the globe. Kangaroo leather is commonly used in items such as football boots and driving booties.  
  
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More ominously, Bush told a news conference Oct. 17, "I've told people that if you're interested in avoiding World War III, it seems like you ought to be interested in preventing them from having the knowledge necessary to make a nuclear weapon."
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==Living species==
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*[[Agile wallaby]] (''Macropus agilis'')
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*[[Antilopine kangaroo]] (''Macropus antilopinus'')
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*[[Black-striped wallaby]] (''Macropus dorsalis'')
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*[[Black wallaroo]] (''Macropus bernardus'')
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*[[Common wallaroo]] (''Macropus robustus'')
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*[[Eastern grey kangaroo]] (''Macropus giganteus'')
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*[[Parma wallaby]] (''Macropus parma'')
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*[[Red kangaroo]] (''Macropus rufus'')
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*[[Red-necked wallaby]] (''Macropus rufogriseus'')
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*[[Tammar wallaby]] (''Macropus eugenii'')
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*[[Western Brush Wallaby]] (''Macropus irma'')
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*[[Western grey kangaroo]] (''Macropus fuliginosus'')
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*[[Whiptail wallaby]] (''Macropus parryi'')
  
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Asked then if he definitely believed that Iran wanted to build a nuclear bomb, Bush said, "Yeah, I believe they want to have the capacity, the knowledge, in order to make a nuclear weapon."
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==Origins==
  
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Bush's National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley said the president made comments like those "because he was describing the threat as the intelligence community itself had been describing the threat both publicly and in their briefings to him."
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=== Creation science and Creationism===
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Consistent with their view that the fossil record as a whole does not support the evolutionary position,<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/fossils.asp "Fossils Questions and Answers"], Answers In Genesis</ref><ref>[http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/fsslrcrd.html Creation/Evolution Quotes: Fossil Record]</ref> creationists state that there is a lack of transitional fossils showing an evolutionary origin of kangaroos. Rebecca Driver writes:
  
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Intelligence officials advised Bush several months ago that they were reevaluating their assessments about Iran. They came to the White House last Wednesday and briefed him on their new findings.
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{{QuoteBox|The Macropod family is alleged to have evolved from either the Phalangeridae (possums) or Burramyidae (pygmy-possums)...<br />However, there are no fossils of animals which appear to be intermediate between possums and kangaroos. ''Wabularoo naughtoni'', supposed ancestor of all the macropods, was clearly a kangaroo (it greatly resembles the potoroos which dwell in Victoria’s forests). If modern kangaroos really did come from it, all this shows is the same as we see happening today, namely that kangaroos come from kangaroos, "after their kind." <ref>Driver, Rebecca, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/755/ Kangaroos: God's amazing craftsmanship],  ''Creation'' 20(3):28–31, June 1998.</ref>}}
  
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The intelligence flip-flop recalled the embarrassing reversal that Bush was forced to make on whether Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. The conviction that Saddam Hussein had such weapons was one of the factors behind Bush's decision to invade Iraq. It since has been determined that Iraq did not have weapons of mass destruction.
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According to the [[origins theory]] model used by [[young earth creation scientists]], modern kangaroos are the descendants of the two founding members of the modern kangaroo baramin that were taken aboard [[Noah's Ark]] prior to the [[Great Flood]]. It has not yet been determined by [[baraminology|baraminologists]] whether kangaroos form a [[holobaramin]] with the [[wallaby]], [[tree-kangaroo]], [[wallaroo]], [[pademelon]] and [[quokka]], or if all these species are in fact [[Baraminology|apobaramin]]ic or [[Baraminology|polybaramin]]ic.
  
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Democrats on Monday did not hesitate to suggest an Iran-Iraq comparison.
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After the Flood, these kangaroos, bred from the Ark passengers and then migrated to Australia.  There is debate whether this migration happened over land<ref name="cab17">[http://www.creationontheweb.com/images/pdfs/cabook/chapter17.pdf "How did animals get from the Ark to places such as Australia"], Chapter 17,  of ''The Creation Answers Book'', by Don Batten (Ed.)</ref> with lower sea levels during the post-flood [[ice age]], or before the super-continent of [[Pangea]] broke apart.<ref>[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2808 "Pangea and the Flood"], Apologetics Press</ref>
  
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Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said Democrats had requested the new Iran assessment "so that the administration could not rush this Congress and the country to another war based on flawed intelligence."
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=== Arguments and evidence relating to kangaroos that support a biblical creation model ===
  
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"I hope this administration reads this report carefully and appropriately adjusts its rhetoric and policy vis-a-vis Iran," Reid said. "The administration should begin this process by finally undertaking a diplomatic surge necessary to effectively address the challenges posed by Iran."
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Scientists and [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologists]] who advocate the biblical creation model have provided a number of pieces of evidence and arguments which support the creation model.
  
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In the case of Iran, though, the White House has not dropped its suspicions that Tehran could pursue a nuclear bomb.
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Some of the more notable articles supporting the biblical creation model are:
  
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Iran continues to develop, test and deploy ballistic missiles, and its civilian uranium enrichment program is continuing. "It can readily use the same technology to produce weapons-grade uranium," Hadley said.
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*[https://creation.com/images/pdfs/cabook/chapter17.pdf How did animals get from the Ark to places such as Australia?]
  
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In rewriting the conclusions about Iran, the new estimate said Tehran was pursuing a nuclear weapons program but halted that effort in the fall of 2003 under the weight of international pressure. Importantly, the estimate said Iran has not restarted the nuclear bomb program.
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*[https://creation.com/kangaroos-gods-amazing-craftsmanship Kangaroos: God's amazing craftsmanship]
  
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"Tehran's decision to halt its nuclear weapons program suggests it is less determined to develop nuclear weapons than we have been judging since 2005," the new estimate said.
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*[https://creation.com/skippy-surprises-scientists Skippy surprises scientists]
  
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While key facts have changed, the administration's strategy has not.
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*[https://creation.com/practical-pouches Practical pouches]
  
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The White House says it will continue to try to build pressure on Iran to prevent it from ever acquiring nuclear bombs.
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===Evolution===
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The [[evolution]]ary/[[Atheism|atheistic]] view is that kangaroos and other marsupials evolved from a common marsupial ancestor which lived hundreds of millions of years ago.<ref>[http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/australia.html "Australian Mammals: Evolutionary Development as a Result of Geographic Isolation"]</ref>
  
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"The bottom line is that for that strategy to succeed, the international community has to turn up the pressure on Iran with diplomatic isolation, United Nations sanctions and with other financial pressure," Hadley said. "And Iran has to decide that it wants to negotiate a solution."
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===Dreamtime===
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Some [[Australian Aborigines]] believe that kangaroos were sung into existence by their ancestors during the [[Dreamtime]].<ref>[http://www.painsley.org.uk/RE/signposts/y8/1-1creationandenvironment/c-abor.htm "An Aborigine Creation Story"]</ref>
  
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Some analysts believe the new conclusions will be a roadblock for Vice President Dick Cheney and other hawkish members of the administration to be more confrontational toward Iran.
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== See also ==
  
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"It's a good thing that we caught this before we marched headlong into another military conflict," said Jon Wolfsthal, senior fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. "This isn't the timebomb the administration made it out to be for the last several years."
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*[[Evolution]]
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*[[Theory of Evolution and Cases of Fraud, Hoaxes and Speculation]]
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*[[Irreligion and superstition]]
  
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Wolfsthal said the conclusion that international pressure prompted Iran to halt its program "is the piece of information that we missed in Iraq" where Bush believed that Iraq's pursuit of WMD was continuing despite sanctions. He said the administration did not appear inclined to change its strategy toward Iran. He said that "suggests they can't take yes for an answer."
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== External links ==
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General:
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*[http://www.exzooberance.com/virtual%20zoo/they%20walk/kangaroo/kangaroo.htm Kangaroo facts]
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*[http://www.christiananswers.net/kids/kangaroos.html Answers About Kangaroos]
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== References ==
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{{reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Marsupials]]
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[[Category:Australia]]

Latest revision as of 01:57, August 26, 2019

Kangaroo (Guugu Yimidhirr language: gang-oo-roo[1]), several species of large marsupial of the genus Macropus native to Australia and adjacent islands, characterized oversized hind legs by which they use hopping to move about. The de facto symbol of Australia, kangaroos have been displayed on everything from the national coat of arms to coins, airline symbols, tourist advertisements, as well as numerous appearances in popular culture.

Kangaroo
Redkangaroo1.png
Scientific classification
Kingdom Information
Domain Eukaryota
Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Branch Deuterostomia
Phylum Information
Phylum Chordata
Sub-phylum Vertebrata
Infraphylum Gnathostomata
Class Information
Superclass Tetrapoda
Class Mammalia
Infra-class Marsupialia
Order Information
Superorder Eometatheria
Order Diprotodontia
Sub-order Macropodiformes
Family Information
Family Macropodidae
Genus Information
Genus Macropus
Population statistics

Description

Kangaroos have large ears on top of their small heads, a long snout, and short arms with clawed fingers. Their legs are strong, powerful, and are made for leaping. Their feet have four toes at the end of elongated metatarsi that they rest on when standing. They also have a powerful, thick tail that is used as support when standing, a third-leg when walking slowly, and for counterbalance while hopping. Like all marsupials, female kangaroos have a pouch on their stomachs in which they carry their young.

Diet

Kangaroos are herbivores, eating grass, roots, and shrubs. They have a chambered stomach similar to sheep and cattle. They are able to regurgitate their food, chew it again as cud, and then swallow it for digestion.

Social Order

Kangaroos travel in mobs of about ten or more males and females. The leader of the mob, called a "boomer", is a male determined by age and size. The boomer has access to females in his mob for mating and will wander around the mob intimidating any other males who try to mate with his harem.

Reproduction

Female kangaroos usually only have one baby kangaroo (called a "joey") at a time. The newborn joey weighs as little as 0.03 ounces when first born, after which it crawls into its mothers pouch where it will nurse, grow, and develop. Red Kangaroo joeys will stay in their mothers pouch for about eight months and Grey Kangaroo joeys stay in there for about one year.

Uses

Kangaroos are commonly hunted for their meat, with it being exported all over the globe. Kangaroo leather is commonly used in items such as football boots and driving booties.

Living species

Origins

Creation science and Creationism

Consistent with their view that the fossil record as a whole does not support the evolutionary position,[2][3] creationists state that there is a lack of transitional fossils showing an evolutionary origin of kangaroos. Rebecca Driver writes:

The Macropod family is alleged to have evolved from either the Phalangeridae (possums) or Burramyidae (pygmy-possums)...
However, there are no fossils of animals which appear to be intermediate between possums and kangaroos. Wabularoo naughtoni, supposed ancestor of all the macropods, was clearly a kangaroo (it greatly resembles the potoroos which dwell in Victoria’s forests). If modern kangaroos really did come from it, all this shows is the same as we see happening today, namely that kangaroos come from kangaroos, "after their kind." [4]

According to the origins theory model used by young earth creation scientists, modern kangaroos are the descendants of the two founding members of the modern kangaroo baramin that were taken aboard Noah's Ark prior to the Great Flood. It has not yet been determined by baraminologists whether kangaroos form a holobaramin with the wallaby, tree-kangaroo, wallaroo, pademelon and quokka, or if all these species are in fact apobaraminic or polybaraminic.

After the Flood, these kangaroos, bred from the Ark passengers and then migrated to Australia. There is debate whether this migration happened over land[5] with lower sea levels during the post-flood ice age, or before the super-continent of Pangea broke apart.[6]

Arguments and evidence relating to kangaroos that support a biblical creation model

Scientists and Christian apologists who advocate the biblical creation model have provided a number of pieces of evidence and arguments which support the creation model.

Some of the more notable articles supporting the biblical creation model are:

Evolution

The evolutionary/atheistic view is that kangaroos and other marsupials evolved from a common marsupial ancestor which lived hundreds of millions of years ago.[7]

Dreamtime

Some Australian Aborigines believe that kangaroos were sung into existence by their ancestors during the Dreamtime.[8]

See also

External links

General:

References

  1. ↑ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kangaroo
  2. ↑ "Fossils Questions and Answers", Answers In Genesis
  3. ↑ Creation/Evolution Quotes: Fossil Record
  4. ↑ Driver, Rebecca, Kangaroos: God's amazing craftsmanship, Creation 20(3):28–31, June 1998.
  5. ↑ "How did animals get from the Ark to places such as Australia", Chapter 17, of The Creation Answers Book, by Don Batten (Ed.)
  6. ↑ "Pangea and the Flood", Apologetics Press
  7. ↑ "Australian Mammals: Evolutionary Development as a Result of Geographic Isolation"
  8. ↑ "An Aborigine Creation Story"
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