Difference between revisions of "Academic freedom"
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| − | '''Academic freedom''' is defined by Merriam-Webster as "freedom to teach or to learn without interference (as by government officials)."<ref> | + | '''Academic freedom''' is defined by [[Merriam-Webster]] as "freedom to teach or to learn without interference (as by government officials)."<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/academic%20freedom Merriam-Webster.com</ref> |
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| + | This concept is expressly cited, typically favorably, in 2,168 court decisions, including 1,392 federal cases (42 in the Supreme Court) and 699 state court cases (as of Aug. 5, 2023). | ||
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| + | As explained by the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression: | ||
| + | {{quotation|America’s universities traditionally have been considered places where the free exchange of ideas—academic freedom, in short—is not only welcome but, indeed, vital to | ||
| + | the purpose and proper functioning of higher education.<ref>[http://www.thefire.org/pdfs/free-speech-2.pdf]</ref>}} | ||
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| + | The [[American Association of University Professors]] (AAUP) defines it as: | ||
| + | {{quotation|Freedom of conscience in teaching and research is essential to maintain academic integrity and fulfill the basic purposes of higher education; consequently, any restriction on academic freedom raises grave issues of professional concern.<ref>Quoted in the {{cite web|title=[[Thomas Aquinas College]] Founding Document: III. Academic Freedom|url=http://www.thomasaquinas.edu/about/founding-document-2|accessdate=2012-04-27}}, originally in {{cite journal|title=A.A.U.P. Bulletin|volume=Winter, 67}}</ref>}} | ||
==Academic freedom crisis== | ==Academic freedom crisis== | ||
| − | In America, there is a strong [[liberal bias]] in schools, colleges, and universities. In addition to this, opponents of [[liberalism]] and [[Marxism]] are often censored, ridiculed, and humiliated. | + | In America, there is a strong [[liberal bias]] in schools, colleges, and universities. In addition to this, opponents of [[liberalism]] and [[Marxism]] are often censored, ridiculed, and humiliated. |
| − | [[Neoconservative]] figure [[David Horowitz]] is the founder of ''Students for Academic Freedom'', an organization whose aim is "to end the political abuse of the university and to restore integrity to the academic mission as a disinterested pursuit of knowledge."<ref>http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/about/ About ''Students for Academic Freedom''</ref> | + | [[Neoconservative]] figure [[David Horowitz]] is the founder of ''Students for Academic Freedom'', an organization whose aim is "to end the political abuse of the university and to restore integrity to the academic mission as a disinterested pursuit of knowledge.".<ref>http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/about/ About ''Students for Academic Freedom''</ref> This organization has chapters in various schools.<ref>http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/chapters/ SAF Chapters</ref> |
Several states have proposed bills and resolutions aimed to end the academic freedom crisis.<ref>http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/documents/?c=Legislation-Texts SAF Legislation Texts</ref> | Several states have proposed bills and resolutions aimed to end the academic freedom crisis.<ref>http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/documents/?c=Legislation-Texts SAF Legislation Texts</ref> | ||
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| + | == Constitutional Right? == | ||
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| + | A few decisions suggest that academic freedom is a constitutional right implied by the [[First Amendment]] and reserved by the [[Ninth Amendment]]. See Keyishian v. Board of Regents, 385 U.S. 589, 603 (1967). But such a right is "ill-defined and the case law defining it is inconsistent." Hillis v. Stephen F. Austin State University, 665 F.2d 547, 553 (5th Cir. 1982). Perhaps this right protects only the educational process itself. See id.; see also Keyishian, 385 U.S. at 603; NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415, 433 (1963). | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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*[http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/ Students for Academic Freedom] | *[http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/ Students for Academic Freedom] | ||
*[http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/documents/1925/abor.html SAF's "Academic Bill of Rights"] | *[http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/documents/1925/abor.html SAF's "Academic Bill of Rights"] | ||
| + | *[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/viewSubCategory.asp?id=349 DiscoverTheNetworks.org - Academic Freedom] | ||
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| + | [[Category:Civil Rights]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Education]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:16, August 5, 2023
Academic freedom is defined by Merriam-Webster as "freedom to teach or to learn without interference (as by government officials)."[1]
This concept is expressly cited, typically favorably, in 2,168 court decisions, including 1,392 federal cases (42 in the Supreme Court) and 699 state court cases (as of Aug. 5, 2023).
As explained by the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression:
America’s universities traditionally have been considered places where the free exchange of ideas—academic freedom, in short—is not only welcome but, indeed, vital to the purpose and proper functioning of higher education.[2]
The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) defines it as:
Freedom of conscience in teaching and research is essential to maintain academic integrity and fulfill the basic purposes of higher education; consequently, any restriction on academic freedom raises grave issues of professional concern.[3]
Academic freedom crisis
In America, there is a strong liberal bias in schools, colleges, and universities. In addition to this, opponents of liberalism and Marxism are often censored, ridiculed, and humiliated.
Neoconservative figure David Horowitz is the founder of Students for Academic Freedom, an organization whose aim is "to end the political abuse of the university and to restore integrity to the academic mission as a disinterested pursuit of knowledge.".[4] This organization has chapters in various schools.[5]
Several states have proposed bills and resolutions aimed to end the academic freedom crisis.[6]
Constitutional Right?
A few decisions suggest that academic freedom is a constitutional right implied by the First Amendment and reserved by the Ninth Amendment. See Keyishian v. Board of Regents, 385 U.S. 589, 603 (1967). But such a right is "ill-defined and the case law defining it is inconsistent." Hillis v. Stephen F. Austin State University, 665 F.2d 547, 553 (5th Cir. 1982). Perhaps this right protects only the educational process itself. See id.; see also Keyishian, 385 U.S. at 603; NAACP v. Button, 371 U.S. 415, 433 (1963).
References
- ↑ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/academic%20freedom Merriam-Webster.com
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Quoted in the Thomas Aquinas College Founding Document: III. Academic Freedom. Retrieved on 2012-04-27., originally in A.A.U.P. Bulletin. Winter, 67.
- ↑ http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/about/ About Students for Academic Freedom
- ↑ http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/chapters/ SAF Chapters
- ↑ http://www.studentsforacademicfreedom.org/documents/?c=Legislation-Texts SAF Legislation Texts