Difference between revisions of "C (programming language)"

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[[Image:Programming language.jpg|right]]
 
 
'''C''' is the name of a [[procedural programming|procedural]], [[imperative programming|imperative]] [[programming language]] developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories.  It was a major improvement over the earlier languages BCPL and B.
 
'''C''' is the name of a [[procedural programming|procedural]], [[imperative programming|imperative]] [[programming language]] developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories.  It was a major improvement over the earlier languages BCPL and B.
  
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C is still a popular choice for projects where speed and small program size are important considerations, such as embedded firmware. A significant portion of the [[Linux]] [[kernel]] was written in C. The syntax of C inspired many later languages such as C++, [[Java]] and [[C Sharp]].  Many C compilers also support low-level programming via integrated inline assemblers.
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C is still a popular choice for projects where speed and small program size are important considerations, such as embedded firmware. A significant portion of the [[GNU/Linux|Linux]] [[Operation system kernel|kernel]] was written in C. The syntax of C inspired many later languages such as [[C++]], [[Java]] and [[C Sharp]].  Many C compilers also support low-level programming via integrated inline assemblers.
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== "Hello, World!" -program ==
 
  
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== "Hello World!" program ==
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An example program often used for languages is something that displays "Hello, World!".
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
#include <stdio.h>
  
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int main(){
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int main()
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printf("Hello, World!);
 
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return 0;
 
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}
 
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</pre>
 
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== Client code example ==
 
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<pre>
 
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#include <winsock2.h>
 
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#include <ws2tcpip.h>
 
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#include <stdlib.h>
 
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#include <stdio.h>
 
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// Need to link with Ws2_32.lib, Mswsock.lib, and Advapi32.lib
 
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#define DEFAULT_BUFLEN 512
 
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#define DEFAULT_PORT "27015"
 
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int __cdecl main(int argc, char **argv)  
 
 
{
 
{
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    WSADATA wsaData;
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  printf("Hello World!\n");
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    SOCKET ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
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  return 0;
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    struct addrinfo *result = NULL,
 
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                    *ptr = NULL,
 
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                    hints;
 
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    char *sendbuf = "this is a test";
 
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    char recvbuf[DEFAULT_BUFLEN];
 
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    int iResult;
 
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    int recvbuflen = DEFAULT_BUFLEN;
 
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    // Validate the parameters
 
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    if (argc != 2) {
 
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        printf("usage: %s server-name\n", argv[0]);
 
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        return 1;
 
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    }
 
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    // Initialize Winsock
 
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    iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);
 
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    if (iResult != 0) {
 
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        printf("WSAStartup failed: %d\n", iResult);
 
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        return 1;
 
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    }
 
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    ZeroMemory( &hints, sizeof(hints) );
 
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    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
 
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    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
 
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    hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
 
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    // Resolve the server address and port
 
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    iResult = getaddrinfo(argv[1], DEFAULT_PORT, &hints, &result);
 
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    if ( iResult != 0 ) {
 
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        printf("getaddrinfo failed: %d\n", iResult);
 
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        WSACleanup();
 
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        return 1;
 
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    }
 
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    // Attempt to connect to an address until one succeeds
 
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    for(ptr=result; ptr != NULL ;ptr=ptr->ai_next) {
 
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        // Create a SOCKET for connecting to server
 
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        ConnectSocket = socket(ptr->ai_family, ptr->ai_socktype,
 
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            ptr->ai_protocol);
 
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        if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
 
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            printf("Error at socket(): %ld\n", WSAGetLastError());
 
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            freeaddrinfo(result);
 
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            WSACleanup();
 
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            return 1;
 
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        }
 
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        // Connect to server.
 
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        iResult = connect( ConnectSocket, ptr->ai_addr, (int)ptr->ai_addrlen);
 
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        if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
 
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            closesocket(ConnectSocket);
 
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            ConnectSocket = INVALID_SOCKET;
 
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            continue;
 
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        }
 
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        break;
 
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    }
 
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    freeaddrinfo(result);
 
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    if (ConnectSocket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
 
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        printf("Unable to connect to server!\n");
 
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        WSACleanup();
 
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        return 1;
 
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    }
 
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    // Send an initial buffer
 
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    iResult = send( ConnectSocket, sendbuf, (int)strlen(sendbuf), 0 );
 
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    if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
 
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        printf("send failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
 
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        closesocket(ConnectSocket);
 
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        WSACleanup();
 
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        return 1;
 
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    }
 
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    printf("Bytes Sent: %ld\n", iResult);
 
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    // shutdown the connection since no more data will be sent
 
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    iResult = shutdown(ConnectSocket, SD_SEND);
 
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    if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) {
 
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        printf("shutdown failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
 
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        closesocket(ConnectSocket);
 
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        WSACleanup();
 
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        return 1;
 
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    }
 
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    // Receive until the peer closes the connection
 
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    do {
 
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        iResult = recv(ConnectSocket, recvbuf, recvbuflen, 0);
 
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        if ( iResult > 0 )
 
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            printf("Bytes received: %d\n", iResult);
 
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        else if ( iResult == 0 )
 
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            printf("Connection closed\n");
 
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        else
 
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            printf("recv failed: %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
 
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    } while( iResult > 0 );
 
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    // cleanup
 
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    closesocket(ConnectSocket);
 
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    WSACleanup();
 
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    return 0;
 
 
}
 
}
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
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==See Also==
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 +
==See also==
 
:[http://gcc.gnu.org/ Free compiler]
 
:[http://gcc.gnu.org/ Free compiler]
 
:[http://www.openwatcom.org/index.php/Main_Page Open Watcom C Compiler], high quality free C/C++ compiler.
 
:[http://www.openwatcom.org/index.php/Main_Page Open Watcom C Compiler], high quality free C/C++ compiler.
 
:[http://www.c-compiler.com/ Miracle C compiler], free c/c++ compiler.
 
:[http://www.c-compiler.com/ Miracle C compiler], free c/c++ compiler.
 
:[http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~lcc-win32/ lcc], portable C compiler, free for non-commercial use.
 
:[http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~lcc-win32/ lcc], portable C compiler, free for non-commercial use.
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[[Category:Information technology]]
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[[category:Programming_language]]
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[[Category:Programming Languages]]

Latest revision as of 15:05, June 23, 2016

C is the name of a procedural, imperative programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories. It was a major improvement over the earlier languages BCPL and B.

C is still a popular choice for projects where speed and small program size are important considerations, such as embedded firmware. A significant portion of the Linux kernel was written in C. The syntax of C inspired many later languages such as C++, Java and C Sharp. Many C compilers also support low-level programming via integrated inline assemblers.

"Hello World!" program

An example program often used for languages is something that displays "Hello, World!". 

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
  printf("Hello World!\n");
  return 0;
}

See also

Free compiler
Open Watcom C Compiler, high quality free C/C++ compiler.
Miracle C compiler, free c/c++ compiler.
lcc, portable C compiler, free for non-commercial use.
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