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'''Cincinnati''' is a city in the state of [[Ohio]], and is on the borders of [[Kentucky]] and [[Indiana]]. The metropolitian city had a population of 1,979,202 in 2000. <ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US25&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-10|US-10S&-_lang=en] 2000 Census </ref>
'''Cincinnati''' is a city in the state of [[Ohio]], and is on the borders of [[Kentucky]] and [[Indiana]]. The metropolitian city had a population of 1,979,202 in 2000. <ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US25&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-10|US-10S&-_lang=en] 2000 Census </ref>
[[ File:Beer1890.jpg|thumb|350px]]
[[ File:Beer1890.jpg|thumb|350px]]
==Cincinnati Sports Franchises ==
==Architecture==
The last great railroad station constructed in the United States, the Cincinnati Union Terminal, officially opened in 1933. The $41 million Art Deco masterpiece was sold to the city in 1975, a victim of postwar America's love affair with the automobile. In 2003, the Union Terminal, home to the Cincinnati Museum Center and serving Amtrak's passenger train the Cardinal, celebrated its 70th year.
==History==
===To 1860===
In 1828 wealthy Englishwoman Frances Trollope arrived with a plan to become rich by opening a department store. She opened Trollope's Bazaar, a grandiose structure featuring fancy goods, a coffee house, and a ballroom. Although the bazaar was a spectacular failure, her book, critical of the habits of the citizens of the natives, ''Domestic Manners of the Americans'' (1832), published after she returned to London, made her famous throughout America and remains a delightful read.<ref> See [http://books.google.com/books?id=ClOwPGhU06MC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Domestic+intitle:Manners+intitle:of+intitle:the+intitle:Americans&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=1&as_pt=ALLTYPES online edition]</ref>
The work of Cincinnati's African American painter Robert S. Duncanson expresses the social, political, and economic position of Cincinnati blacks in the 1850s through a union of bucolic and urban themes. As the city emerged as an important regional economic power, its political, cultural, and business leaders also promoted a civic culture of devotion to the common good. In his paintings, which include landscapes, portraits, and illustrations, Duncanson drew together contemporary discourses of the civilizing power of nature, romantic racialism, civic boosterism, and civic virtue to include African Americans in the city's common vision of its citizenry. Such assertions of African American citizenship challenged such manifestations of racism as the city's 1841 race riot sparked by white fears of fugitive slaves entering Ohio.<ref> Wendy J. Katz, "Robert S. Duncanson: City and Hinterland." ''Prospects'' 2000 25: 311-337. 0361-2333 </ref>
When a group of upper-class women founded the Cincinnati Orphan Asylum (COA) in 1833, they not only provided care for children of impoverished women, but as these women combed the city searching for wet nurses for abandoned children, they also broke down social barriers between women of different social backgrounds. When Cincinnati created a poor farm in 1853, the COA lost the money that the township had provided for its activities.
===Progressive Era===
An eye watering issue imn the Progressive Era was the menace of smoke pollution. Middle-class women supporting the Smoke Abatement League led the campaign for smoke abatement; city inspectors issued citations to locomotive firemen. The railroad management blamed the firemen, who in turn complained of poor quality coal and inferior abatement controls. No one wanted dirty air and the middle class was vocal about it. The railroad did not want bad publicity, and workers wanted to keep their jobs. The issue went on for years until the 1940s, when electric engines replaced steam locomotives, but ultimately it was the middle-class view of urban space, where city and home were the same, that prevailed over working-class definitions of city as workplace.<Ref> David Stradling, "Dirty Work and Clean Air: Locomotive Firemen, Environmental Activists, and Stories of Conflict." ''Journal of Urban History'' 2001 28(1): 35-54. 0096-1442 </ref>
In 1897, Sisters of Charity Justina Segale and Blandina Segale founded the Santa Maria Institute, which responded to urban poverty, particularly the needs of the immigrant poor, by offering religious and vocational education, a residence for girls and young women, and a day nursery. In this way the institute resembled settlement houses established by non-Catholic women such as [[Jane Addams]] at Chicago’s Hull House. In the late 19th century, religious vocations offered greater opportunities for leadership and accomplishment than were afforded most Catholic laywomen; thus, within the Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati, Justina and Blandina were able to invent a role for themselves in social work. Their cooperation with secular social service authorities was particularly innovative, leading to even greater effectiveness and contributing to the development of social work as a profession. By the 1920s, however, the cost of innovation was autonomy, as the bureaucratic synthesis of Protestant and Catholic charities in Cincinnati led to a narrowing of the Santa Maria Institute's mission.<ref> M. Christine Anderson, "Catholic Nuns and the Invention of Social Work: The Sisters of the Santa Maria Institute of Cincinnati, Ohio, 1897 Through the 1920s". ''Journal Of Women's History'' 2000 12(1): 60-88. 1042-7961 </ref>
==Sports==
Professional baseball began in Cincinnati during 1869-91. The team's rocky relationship with the National League led to its expulsion in 1880, followed by its joining a new league, the
American Association, in 1881.
Black Cincinnati boxer Ezzard Charles defeated [[Joe Lewis]] to become the world heavyweight champion in 1950.
===Sports Franchises ===
*[[Cincinnati Bengals]] ([[National Football League]])
*[[Cincinnati Bengals]] ([[National Football League]])
*[[Cincinnati Reds]] ([[Major League Baseball]])
*[[Cincinnati Reds]] ([[Major League Baseball]])