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[[Image:SamuelChase.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
[[Image:SamuelChase.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]
'''Samuel Chase''' (1741–1811) served as an Associate Justice of the [[United States Supreme Court]] during the [[Marshall Court]]. He was also a signer of the [[Declaration of Independence]] on behalf of [[Maryland]]. He was a leading [[Anti-Federalist]], opposing ratification of the new Constitution in 1788 because he feared the "aristocratic danger" of the new system. A leader in Maryland politics, he joined the [[Federalist Party]] and supported President [[George Washington]] against [[Thomas Jefferson]]. Washington appointed him to the Supreme Court, where he served until his ddeath.
'''Samuel Chase''' (1741–1811) served as an Associate Justice of the [[United States Supreme Court]] during the [[Marshall Court]]. He was also a signer of the [[Declaration of Independence]] on behalf of [[Maryland]]. He was a leading [[Anti-Federalist]], opposing ratification of the new Constitution in 1788 because he feared the "aristocratic danger" of the new system. A leader in Maryland politics, he joined the [[Federalist Party]] and supported President [[George Washington]] against [[Thomas Jefferson]]. Washington appointed him to the Supreme Court, where he served until his death. Jefferson tried and failed to remove him by impeachment in 1805, which backfired and weakened Jefferson while enhancing the reputation of the Supreme Court.
==Fighting for independence==
==Fighting for independence==
Chase played a major role in winning Maryland to the cause of independence in 1776. Maryland's revolutionary leadership - called the "popular party" - had learned that revolution without some anarchy was impossible. By June 1776, a conservative group, including Chase, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and Thomas Johnson, faced a formidable problem in holding popular support. There was widespread opposition to the state government, with full-scale insurrection on the Eastern Shore and open hostility among the militia, the non-associators and the non-enrollers of the Western Shore. The new state constitution was based on extensive property qualifications, leaving all powers and franchises in the hands of the aristocratic elite. To ensure their authority, Chase and the other leaders had to popularize themselves and the revolutionary cause, which they did in two ways. First, they passed a legal tender act authorizing payment of all debts with depreciated money. Secondly, the General Court tended to deal leniently with all cases of men charged with treason, insurrection, and riot; these were invariably found guilty, fined a small amount, and released. Under the cautious policies of the new government, the strong "resentment of authority" eventually eased.<ref> Ronald Hoffman, Popularizing The Revolution: Internal Conflict And Economic Sacrifice In Maryland, 1774-1780. Maryland Historical Magazine 1973 68(2): 125-139. 0025-4258 </ref>
Chase played a major role in winning Maryland to the cause of independence in 1776. Maryland's revolutionary leadership - called the "popular party" - had learned that revolution without some anarchy was impossible. By June 1776, a conservative group, including Chase, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and Thomas Johnson, faced a formidable problem in holding popular support. There was widespread opposition to the state government, with full-scale insurrection on the Eastern Shore and open hostility among the militia, the non-associators and the non-enrollers of the Western Shore. The new state constitution was based on extensive property qualifications, leaving all powers and franchises in the hands of the aristocratic elite. To ensure their authority, Chase and the other leaders had to popularize themselves and the revolutionary cause, which they did in two ways. First, they passed a legal tender act authorizing payment of all debts with depreciated money. Secondly, the General Court tended to deal leniently with all cases of men charged with treason, insurrection, and riot; these were invariably found guilty, fined a small amount, and released. Under the cautious policies of the new government, the strong "resentment of authority" eventually eased.<ref> Ronald Hoffman, Popularizing The Revolution: Internal Conflict And Economic Sacrifice In Maryland, 1774-1780. Maryland Historical Magazine 1973 68(2): 125-139. 0025-4258 </ref>
* Haw, James, et al. ''Stormy Patriot: The Life of Samuel Chase.'' (1980). 305 pp.
* Haw, James, et al. ''Stormy Patriot: The Life of Samuel Chase.'' (1980). 305 pp.
* Knudson, Jerry W. "The Jeffersonian Assault on the Federalist Judiciary, 1802-1805: Political Forces and Press Reaction." ''American Journal of Legal History'' 1970 14(1): 55-75. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/844519 in JSTOR]
* Knudson, Jerry W. "The Jeffersonian Assault on the Federalist Judiciary, 1802-1805: Political Forces and Press Reaction." ''American Journal of Legal History'' 1970 14(1): 55-75. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/844519 in JSTOR]
*Lillich, Richard. "The Chase Imepachment," ''American Journal of Legal History'' 1960 4(1): 49-72. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/844551 in JSTOR]
*Lillich, Richard. "The Chase Impeachment," ''American Journal of Legal History'' 1960 4(1): 49-72. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/844551 in JSTOR]
* Presser, Stephen B. ''The Original Misunderstanding: The English, the Americans, and the Dialectic of Federal Jurisprudence'' (1991)
* Presser, Stephen B. ''The Original Misunderstanding: The English, the Americans, and the Dialectic of Federal Jurisprudence'' (1991)
* Rehnquist, William H. ''Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson.'' 1992. 303 pp. by a leading conservative Chief Justice
* Rehnquist, William H. ''Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Justice Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson.'' 1992. 303 pp. by a leading conservative Chief Justice