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Sunderland is home to a university, the football team [[Sunderland A.F.C.]], and the National Centre for Glass. This last is in recognition of Sunderland's long history of glass manufacture.

Sunderland is home to a university, the football team [[Sunderland A.F.C.]], and the National Centre for Glass. This last is in recognition of Sunderland's long history of glass manufacture.

The Sunderland area has a strong [[ecclesiastical]] history, with part of St Peter's Church in Monkwearmouth dating from a 7th century monastery. Glass-making in the local area also dates from around this time. Sunderland was also a centre for Parliamentarianism in the 17th century during the [[English Civil War]].

The Sunderland area has a strong [[ecclesiastical]] history, with part of St Peter's Church in Monkwearmouth dating from a 7th century monastery. Glass-making in the local area also dates from around this time. Sunderland was also a centre for Parliamentarianism in the 17th century during the [[English Civil War]]. The Sunderland area is the ancestral home of at least two [[President of the United States|United States presidents]]; [[George Washington]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]], the 1st and 3rd presidents respectively.

== Mackems ==

== Mackems ==

A person from Sunderland is known by the demonym ''mackem'', which is believed to stem from the phrase "Mak ‘em and Tak’em" (the local pronunciation of "make them, take them").

A person from Sunderland is known by the demonym ''mackem'', which is believed to stem from the phrase "Mak ‘em and Tak’em" (the local pronunciation of "make them, take them").