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The Gospels

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The Gospels of the Bible (from the Greek for "good news") are the first four books of the New Testament, containing numerous quotes of Jesus. Three of the gospel accounts of Jesus are attributed to eyewitness accounts: by two of His Apostles (Matthew and John), and by the outsider Mark who witnesses events as a boy accompanying his mother who was a disciple. The fourth gospel account is attributed to a physician-historian who did not know Jesus personally but interviewed many about him (Gospel of Luke). The stated authorship of the gospels has been historically and linguistically confirmed.

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Not to be confused with the Gospel

The first gospel was by Mark, probably a Gentile, which is fearless of authorities and irreverent towards all other than Jesus. Matthew then reused 97% of Mark's gospel,Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag The hypothesis of Marcan Priority holds that Matthew and Luke were probably compiled slightly later, drawing both from Mark, eyewitness accounts, and oral testimony. It is also possible that Matthew or Luke each used the other as a source as well, although which one would have come first is unknown. John is the last of the Gospels, the most theologically mature, and the strongest in its emphasis on God's loving sacrifice of his only son, Jesus, and the ways in which this sacrifice redeemed all mankind. The first three canonical Gospels are often called the "synoptic" (sighted with another) Gospels, as they tell slightly different versions of the same underlying story of Christ's life and ministry on earth.

Luke was said to have been a Greek physician (see Col 4:14) who accompanied Paul and also wrote the Acts of the Apostles describing the arrival of the Holy Spirit. Unlike the Gospels of Matthew and John, written as firsthand accounts, the Gospel of Luke records eyewitness accounts of others, much as a doctor asks a patient for his medical history and then writes it down in the medical file. Due to Luke's professional nature, his Gospel is very comprehensive about Jesus' life and resurrection, and it also conveys the great sense of joy that Jesus' family, friends and followers felt.

Q

A longstanding theory is that a common source, called "Q", was used by Matthew, Mark, and Luke in their Gospels.[1] John appears entirely independent, more than 90% of his material is new and not found in the other Gospels.[1]

Another theory is that Mark was the source for the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, as Mark uses Jesus's native Aramaic and unpolished Greek while the other Gospels are more refined and translate the Aramaic into Greek.

Non-canonical Gospels

In addition to the four Canonical gospels, other texts claiming to record the accounts of Jesus's earthly ministry have survived in part or in whole. Most notable among these is the Gospel of Thomas, which contains additional sayings and teachings. Recently, a Gospel of Judas surfaced, but this text is decidedly a later one, and its claim for any original authority is very slim. These Gospels are considered apocryphal by modern Christianity, and therefore not authoritative texts.

A number of other "gospels" were written sometime between the second to the four centuries, most well after the dates when the disciples lived. They include: the Gospel of the Ebionites, Gospel of the Hebrews, Gospel of Marcion, Gospel of Mary, Gospel of Peter, Gospel of Thomas, Infancy Gospel of Thomas, and the Infancy Gospel of James.[2]

Among fragments that still survive are the gospels according to the Hebrews (much prized by the early Jewish Church), according to the Egyptians, of the Ebionites, of Philip, of Matthias, of Peter, of Thomas (almost complete), of Nicodemus, of Bartholomew, of Pseudo-Melito, of Joseph of Arimathaea, of James, of Pseudo-Matthew, of Barnabas and a whole collection of infancy gospels.[3]

Teachings of Jesus

 

The Teachings of Our Lord Jesus Christ are found in the four Gospels and other holy documents. The New Testament: Early Christian Writings.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 https://zondervanacademic.com/blog/synoptic-gospels
  2. ↑ Donald Harman Akenson, Surpassing Wonder: The Invention of the Bible and the Talmuds, 216.
  3. ↑ James. M.R, The Apocryphal New Testament (Clarendon, Oxford, 1924)

External links

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