Segregation
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Segregation means to separate groups of people based on race. Segregation was allowed in public schools by the U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), but then prohibited in Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
In addition to the public schools, segregation existed in the United States in the military and in public accommodations like trains, buses, restaurants and hotels before being banned everywhere except in private clubs by federal law.