Segregation
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Segregation means to separate groups of people based on race by government mandate. In the United States, the policy was created and enforced by the Democratic Party starting in the 1870s. Segregation was allowed in public schools by the U.S. Supreme Court in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), but then prohibited in Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
In addition to the public schools, segregation existed in the United States in the military before 1950. In the South it existed in public accommodations like trains, buses, restaurants, movie theaters and hotels before being banned by federal law in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.