Changes

|isbn=9-789-02-4936-5

|isbn=9-789-02-4936-5

|quote=Remark on Dark Matter: As is well known much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies.For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies. Equation (2.25) clearly shows that the observed velocity by us is not the velocity measured by a local observer at a relative time <math>t</math> with respect to us. He measures a smaller velocity, and the more back in time the more the velocity decreases. Does this mean that the hypothetical dark matter can be abolished as the "luminiferous ether" was proved to be superfluous by special relativity?       

|quote=Remark on Dark Matter: As is well known much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies.For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies. Equation (2.25) clearly shows that the observed velocity by us is not the velocity measured by a local observer at a relative time <math>t</math> with respect to us. He measures a smaller velocity, and the more back in time the more the velocity decreases. Does this mean that the hypothetical dark matter can be abolished as the "luminiferous ether" was proved to be superfluous by special relativity?       

}}</ref> that astronomers infer when the actual mass of any observed celestial object is not sufficient to account for an observed gravitational effect.{{#tag:ref|cf. "...much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies. For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies."<ref name="CSR"/>|group=note}} It is one of two concepts (the other is [[dark energy]]) that [[evolution]]istic astronomers invoke to account for observations that old-[[universe]] cosmologies, including the [[Big Bang]], cannot explain. There is an ongoing controversy taking place about the detectability status of Dark Matter. While proponents of the Friedmann Big Bang cosmologies supplied several papers (the most recent one (2012) published in [[Nature (journal)|journal Nature]]<ref name="Nature">{{cite web

}}</ref> that astronomers infer when the actual mass of any observed celestial object is not sufficient to account for an observed gravitational effect.{{#tag:ref|cf. "...much of the support for the existence of the dark matter is due to the observed very high velocities of gas molecules or galaxies. For example galaxies in the far-off Coma-cluster are observed whirling around one another faster than the laws of physics would allow. So is the mysteriously rapid rotation of spiral galaxies."<ref name="CSR"/>|group=note}} It is one of two concepts (the other is [[dark energy]]) that [[evolution]]istic astronomers invoke to account for observations that old-[[universe]] cosmologies, including the [[Big Bang]], cannot explain. The term was introduced by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky who hypothesized that it must be the gravity of unseen ''dark matter'' that holds together fast moving galaxies in clusters.<ref>{{Citation | last = Zwicky | first = F. | bibcode = 1933AcHPh...6..110Z | title = Die Rotverschiebung von extragalaktischen Nebeln | year = 1933 | journal = Helvetica Physica Acta | volume = 6 | pages = 110&ndash;127}} See also {{Citation | last = Zwicky | first = F. | bibcode = 1937ApJ....86..217Z | title = On the Masses of Nebulae and of Clusters of Nebulae | year = 1937 | journal = Astrophysical Journal | volume = 86 | pages = 217 | doi = 10.1086/143864}}</ref><ref>{{cite web

Nowadays there is an ongoing controversy taking place about the detectability status of Dark Matter. While proponents of the Friedmann Big Bang cosmologies supplied several papers (the most recent one (2012) published in [[Nature (journal)|journal Nature]]<ref name="Nature">{{cite web

|author=Zeeya Merali

|author=Zeeya Merali

|title=Dark matter’s tendrils revealed: Direct measurement of a dark-matter ‘filament’ confirms its existence in a galaxy supercluster.

|title=Dark matter’s tendrils revealed: Direct measurement of a dark-matter ‘filament’ confirms its existence in a galaxy supercluster.

|accessdate=2012-10-14

|accessdate=2012-10-14

|url=http://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j20_3/j20_3_6-8.pdf

|url=http://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j20_3/j20_3_6-8.pdf

|quote=}}</ref>|group=note}}, their opponents including [[John Hartnett|J.Hartnett]] however express their strong reservations and suggest that it "seems to be stretching things a bit, to put it mildly, given the many assumptions and interpretations necessarily involved". According to J.Hartnett the very essence of the ‘dark matter’ concept is that we have no explanation for what we observe and the whole dark matter scenario is in his view the result of incorrect physics being applied to the dynamics of astronomical bodies requiring ad hoc assumptions to be introduced to the norm.  

|quote=Halton Arp suggested that these arcs, which are very prominent in the Abell 2218 cluster, are not the result of gravitational lensing but ejections of galaxies and matter from other clusters. Of course that flies in the face of standard big bang cosmology, which assumes all matter originated in the initial big bang.  See Arp, H. C., Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and Academic Science, Apeiron, Montreal, 1998; and review, Hartnett, J.G., The heavens declare a different story! J. of Creation 17(2): 94–97, 2003.  Note also that the redshift of the Bullet cluster is near 0.3 which is one of the discrete values that Arp claims is associated with ejection events of one galaxy giving birth to another.

As an alternative explanation based on applying [[Occam’s razor]] for phenomena leading to dark matter hypothesis is proposed a new theory by late Israeli cosmologist/physicist [[Moshe Carmeli]] whose 5D space-time-velocity metric explains both galactic rotation curves and the flatness of the universe—without dark matter or other fudge factors and explains more of the data.<ref name="clamour of claims"/>

}}</ref>|group=note}}, their opponents including [[John Hartnett|J.Hartnett]] however express their strong reservations and suggest that it ''"seems to be stretching things a bit, to put it mildly, given the many assumptions and interpretations necessarily involved"''. According to J.Hartnett the very essence of the ‘dark matter’ concept is that we have no explanation for what we observe and the whole dark matter scenario is in his view the result of incorrect physics being applied to the dynamics of astronomical bodies requiring ad hoc assumptions to be introduced to the norm.  

As an alternative explanation based on applying [[Occam’s razor]] for phenomena leading to dark matter hypothesis is proposed a new theory by late Israeli cosmologist/physicist [[Moshe Carmeli]] whose 5D space-time-velocity metric explains both galactic rotation curves and the flatness of the universe—without dark matter or other fudge factors and explains more of the data. [[Halton Arp]] also in the past suggested that observed arcs in vicinity of clusters are not the result of gravitational lensing but ejections of galaxies and matter from other clusters, i.e. the filament connecting the clusters of galaxies<ref>{{cite web

|quote=About half of the baryons in the local Universe are invisible and - according to simulations - their dominant fraction resides in filaments connecting clusters of galaxies in the form of low density gas with temperatures in the range of 105 < T < 107 K. This warm-hot intergalactic medium has never been detected indisputably using X-ray observations.}}</ref> might be associated with ejection events of one galaxy giving birth to another.<ref name="clamour of claims"/>