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They also had to agree that if they ''in any way'' violated these commands, then they forfeited the covenant [dhimma], and become liable to the penalties for insubordination.

They also had to agree that if they ''in any way'' violated these commands, then they forfeited the covenant [dhimma], and become liable to the penalties for insubordination.

It is also understood by some that the Jews, Christians and Magians are to be asked to convert to Islam, and if they refuse then they should be asked to pay the jizyah. If they refuse to pay the jizyah then the Muslims must fight them if and when they are able to do so. <ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/badawi_tolerance.htm Sam Shamoun, ''The Myth of Islamic Tolerance']</ref>

It is also understood by some that the Jews, Christians and Magians are to be asked to convert to Islam, and if they refuse then they should be asked to pay the jizyah. If they refuse to pay the jizyah then the Muslims must fight them if and when they are able to do so.<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Shamoun/badawi_tolerance.htm Sam Shamoun, ''The Myth of Islamic Tolerance']</ref>

==Basis==

==Basis==

== Source Text ==

== Source Text ==

Following is the translated source:<ref>Text used with permission from the "[[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]]" </ref>

Following is the translated source:<ref>Text used with permission from the "[[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]]"</ref>

'''Pact of Umar'''

'''Pact of Umar'''

Al-Turtushi, Siraj al-Muluk, pp. 229-230.

Al-Turtushi, Siraj al-Muluk, pp.&nbsp;229–230.

We heard from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ghanam [died 78/697] as follows: When Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, accorded a peace to the Christians of Syria, we wrote to him as follows:

We heard from 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Ghanam [died 78/697] as follows: When Umar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, accorded a peace to the Christians of Syria, we wrote to him as follows:

* Shmuelevitz,  Aryeh. ''The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the Late Fifteenth and the Sixteenth Centuries: Administrative, Economic, Legal, and Social Relations as Reflected in the Responsa'' (1984)

* Shmuelevitz,  Aryeh. ''The Jews of the Ottoman Empire in the Late Fifteenth and the Sixteenth Centuries: Administrative, Economic, Legal, and Social Relations as Reflected in the Responsa'' (1984)

*[http://www.jihadwatch.org/2007/12/blogging-the-quran-sura-9-repentance-verse-29-part-2.html Blogging the Qur’an: Sura 9, “Repentance,” verse 29, Part 2]

*[http://www.jihadwatch.org/2007/12/blogging-the-quran-sura-9-repentance-verse-29-part-2.html Blogging the Qur’an: Sura 9, “Repentance,” verse 29, Part 2]

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====References====

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[[Category:Islam]]

[[Category:Islam]]

[[Category:Medieval History]]

[[Category:Medieval History]]