| − | '''John Gardner''' (1933-1982) was an American [[author]]. His works include ''Grendel'' (1971), ''October Light'' (1976), and ''Freddy's Book'' (1980).<ref>''The New York Public Library Student's Desk Reference''. Prentice Hall, New York: 1991.</ref> | + | '''John Gardner''' (1933-1982) was an American [[author]]. His works include ''Grendel'' (1971), ''October Light'' (1976), ''On Moral Fiction'' (1978) and ''Freddy's Book'' (1980).<ref>''The New York Public Library Student's Desk Reference''. Prentice Hall, New York: 1991.</ref> |
| | + | Gardner was born on July 21, 1933 in Batavia, New York.<ref name="gale">http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&jsid=1fb588b8e0626e0fcba7bf8ea90d490c&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1603000896&u=nort87507&zid=058ab83a0727061f90f81f7dbf271f6b</ref> He attended Washington University and the University of Iowa, and became very famous for ''Grendel'', a retelling of the story of [[Beowulf]] from the perspective of the monster Grendel, though he had published two novels beforehand.<ref name="brit">"Gardner, John." ''Encyclopedia Britannica Online''.</ref> He was a poet skilled in the use of Old and Middle English, and in his 1978 ''On Moral Fiction'', berated the modern propensity for pessimism.<ref name="brit"></ref> He died on September 14, 1982 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania.<ref name="gale"></ref> |