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==Life and Works==

==Life and Works==

Gardner was born on July 21, 1933 in Batavia, New York.<ref name="gale">http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&jsid=1fb588b8e0626e0fcba7bf8ea90d490c&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1603000896&u=nort87507&zid=058ab83a0727061f90f81f7dbf271f6b</ref>  He attended Washington University and the University of Iowa, and became very famous for ''Grendel'', a retelling of the story of [[Beowulf]] from the perspective of the monster Grendel, though he had published two novels beforehand.<ref name="brit">"Gardner, John."  ''Encyclopedia Britannica Online''.</ref>  He was a poet skilled in the use of Old and Middle English, and in his 1978 ''On Moral Fiction'', berated the modern propensity for pessimism.<ref name="brit"></ref>  He died on September 14, 1982 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania.<ref name="gale"></ref>

Gardner was born on July 21, 1933 in Batavia, New York.<ref name="gale">http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/DocumentToolsPortletWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&jsid=1fb588b8e0626e0fcba7bf8ea90d490c&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CK1603000896&u=nort87507&zid=058ab83a0727061f90f81f7dbf271f6b</ref>  He attended Washington University and the University of Iowa, and became very famous for ''Grendel'', a retelling of the story of [[Beowulf]] from the perspective of the monster Grendel, though he had published two novels beforehand.<ref name="brit">"Gardner, John."  ''Encyclopedia Britannica Online''.</ref>  He was a poet skilled in the use of Old and Middle English, and in his 1978 ''On Moral Fiction'', berated the modern propensity for pessimism.<ref name="brit" />  He died on September 14, 1982 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania.<ref name="gale" />

==References==

==References==