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Hinokitiol has a wide range of biological activities, many of which have been discovered and specified in the literature. The first, and most famous, is the potent antimicrobial activity against many bacteria and fungi, regardless of antibiotic resistance. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944501312001462?via%3Dihub [7<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bio1996/12/3/12_3_101/_article [8<nowiki>]</nowiki>] To be precise, Hinokitiol has shown to be effective against Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus Aureus, common human pathogens. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5040402/ [9<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1348-0421.12688 [10<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Additionally, Hinokitiol has been demonstrated to have inhibitory effects on Chlamydia trachomatis and may be clinically beneficial as a topical drug. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1140513/ [11<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8383-4661-8 [12<nowiki>]</nowiki>]
Hinokitiol has a wide range of biological activities, many of which have been discovered and specified in the literature. The first, and most famous, is the potent antimicrobial activity against many bacteria and fungi, regardless of antibiotic resistance. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944501312001462?via%3Dihub [7<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bio1996/12/3/12_3_101/_article [8<nowiki>]</nowiki>] To be precise, Hinokitiol has shown to be effective against Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus mutans, and Staphylococcus Aureus, common human pathogens. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5040402/ [9<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1348-0421.12688 [10<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Additionally, Hinokitiol has been demonstrated to have inhibitory effects on Chlamydia trachomatis and may be clinically beneficial as a topical drug. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1140513/ [11<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8383-4661-8 [12<nowiki>]</nowiki>]
'''Antiviral activity'''
Some recent studies have shown that Hinokitiol also demonstrates antiviral action when used in combination with a zinc compound against several human viruses, including rhinovirus, coxsackievirus, and mengovirus.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612303/ [13<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Curing viral infections has the potential to reap the mass economic benefit and must be of dire importance to global institutions such as the World Health Organisation. By impairing viral polyprotein processing, Hinokitiol inhibits viral replication - however, this capability is dependent upon the availability of divalent metal ions, as Hinokitiol is a chelator thereof.[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2612303/ [14<nowiki>]</nowiki>] The presence of zinc, combined with Hinokitiol, supports these capabilities and is discussed further as follows.
'''Anti-Inflammatory'''
Hinokitiol revealed a modulatory effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a factor that influences skin inflammation and hair follicle apoptosis. This is achieved at the transcription level by disrupting mRNA synthesis of TNF-alpha. Additionally, it suppresses phosphorylation of PDK1, Akt/PKB, and ERK, as a result diminishing the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, hence restoring hair loss.[[(https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/18537078)|[15]]] In a recent study, Hinokitiol also revealed notable protection against ocular surface inflammation in dry eye syndrome (DES by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4506343/ [16<nowiki>]</nowiki>].
'''Other activities'''
In addition to antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities, characterized in several in vitro cell studies and in vivo animal studies. Hinokitiol determined to exert cytotoxicity on several prominent cancer cell lines by inducing autophagic processes.[http://www.kjcls.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.15324/kjcls.2019.51.2.221 [17<nowiki>]</nowiki>][https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5979393/ [18<nowiki>]</nowiki>]