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The upheaval began in August 1966 by Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong, amid his paranoia that career politicians were taking over the communist party.
[[Image:Cultrev.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A Cultural Revolution poster.]]
[[Image:Cultrev.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A Cultural Revolution poster.]]
The '''Cultural Revolution''' was a disastrous [[leftwing]] attempt to reform the economics, education, and politics of Communist China, which led to the deaths of tens of millions of people. The upheaval began in August 1966 by [[Chinese Communist Party]] Chairman [[Mao Zedong]].
The '''Cultural Revolution''' was a disastrous [[leftwing]] attempt to reform the economics, education, and politics of Communist China, which led to the deaths of tens of millions of people. The upheaval began in August 1966 by [[Chinese Communist Party]] Chairman [[Mao Zedong]], amid his paranoia that career politicians were taking over the communist party.
In the early 1960s, State President Liu Shaoqi and his protégé, Party General Secretary Deng Xiaoping, took over direction of the party and adopted pragmatic economic policies at odds with Mao's revolutionary vision. Dissatisfied with China's new direction and his own reduced authority, Party Chairman Mao launched a massive political attack on Liu, Deng, and other pragmatists in the spring of 1966. The new movement, the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution," was unprecedented in communist history. For the first time, a section of the Chinese communist leadership sought to rally popular opposition against another leadership group. China was set on a course of political and social anarchy that lasted the better part of a decade.
In the early 1960s, State President Liu Shaoqi and his protégé, Party General Secretary Deng Xiaoping, took over direction of the party and adopted pragmatic economic policies at odds with Mao's revolutionary vision. Dissatisfied with China's new direction and his own reduced authority, Party Chairman Mao launched a massive political attack on Liu, Deng, and other pragmatists in the spring of 1966. The new movement, the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution," was unprecedented in communist history. For the first time, a section of the Chinese communist leadership sought to rally popular opposition against another leadership group. China was set on a course of political and social anarchy that lasted the better part of a decade.