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== History ==

== History ==

Among archaeologists, there are several theories concerning the status of the Rock in ancient times. Dr. Leen Ritmeyer has proposed that the Temple was where the Dome of the Rock now stands. Dr. Asher Kaufman argues that the Temple was north of this site, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman,Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref> Tuvia Sagiv has proposed that the Holy of Holies was at Al Kas fountain south of the Dome.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref>

There are several theories concerning the relationship between the Rock and the Jewish temple. According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome of the Rock, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman,Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref> The traditional "central location" theory places the Temple where the Dome of the Rock now stands. Tuvia Sagiv has proposed a "southern location" theory that places the Holy of Holies at the site of Al Kas fountain, south of the Dome.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref>

After the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in AD 70, Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. Emperor [[Hadrian]] built a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount in 135. In 325, Emperor Constantine tore down this temple.<ref name="notbuilt"/>

After the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in AD 70, Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. Emperor [[Hadrian]] built a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount in 135. In 325, Emperor Constantine tore down this temple.<ref name="notbuilt"/>

The Temple proper was 400 by 400 cubics, according to Josephus. A cubic was about 0.44 meters. Thus the sanctified area is just a small portion of the Temple Mount.  

The Temple proper was 400 by 400 cubics, according to Josephus. A cubic was about 0.44 meters. Thus the sanctified area is just a small portion of the Temple Mount.  

Since about 1600, Jewish religious leaders have held that Jews are not allowed enter any part of the Temple Mount. Instead, modern Jews pray at the [[Western Wall]]. Since the locations of forbidden areas, such as the Rampart or the Court of Women, are no longer known, there is a risk that someone who enters the Temple Mount will trespass into them.<ref>Levy, Rafael, "[https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/259512 'Refrain from entering entire Temple Mount area']," ''Israel National News'', 24.02.19.</ref>

Since at least 1600, Jewish religious leaders have held that Jews are not allowed enter any part of the Temple Mount. Instead, modern Jews pray at the [[Western Wall]]. Since the locations of forbidden areas, such as the Rampart or the Court of Women, are no longer known, there is a risk that someone who enters the Temple Mount will trespass into them.<ref>Levy, Rafael, "[https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/259512 'Refrain from entering entire Temple Mount area']," ''Israel National News'', 24.02.19.</ref>

The Waqf, a Muslim group financed by the Jordanian government, manages the Temple Mount-Haram al-Sharif and consequently the Dome of the Rock.

The Waqf, a Muslim group financed by the Jordanian government, manages the Temple Mount-Haram al-Sharif and consequently the Dome of the Rock.