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There are several theories concerning the relationship between the Rock and the Jewish temple. According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome of the Rock, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman,Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref> The traditional "central location" theory places the Temple where the Dome of the Rock now stands. Tuvia Sagiv has proposed a "southern location" theory that places the Holy of Holies at the site of Al Kas fountain, south of the Dome.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref>

There are several theories concerning the relationship between the Rock and the Jewish temple. According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome of the Rock, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman,Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref> The traditional "central location" theory places the Temple where the Dome of the Rock now stands. Tuvia Sagiv has proposed a "southern location" theory that places the Holy of Holies at the site of Al Kas fountain, south of the Dome.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref>

After the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in AD 70, Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. Emperor [[Hadrian]] built a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount in 135. In 325, Emperor Constantine tore down this temple.<ref name="notbuilt"/>

After the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in AD 70, Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. Emperor [[Hadrian]] built a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount in 135. In 325, Emperor Constantine tore down this temple.<ref>"[https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-dome-of-rock.htm The Temple in Jerusalem was not located over the Dome of the Rock]"</ref>

The Bordeaux pilgrim visited the site in 333.{{cquote|There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.)].

The Bordeaux pilgrim visited the site in 333.{{cquote|There are two status of Hadrian; not far from the statues is a pierced stone to the Jews comes every year and they anoint it and they lament with a groan and they tear their garments and then they withdraw.<ref>[http://andrewjacobs.org/translations/bordeaux.html The Bordeaux Pilgrim (c. 333 C.E.)].