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→Chess mastery and memory improvement
In 1893 and 1894, Alfred Binet (1857-1911) conducted perhaps the first psychological studies into chess. He investigated the cognitive facilities of chess masters who could play blindfold chess. He hypothesized that chess depends upon the phenomenological qualities of visual memory. He found that only chess masters were able to play chess successfully without seeing the board and intermediate players found it impossible to play a game of blindfold chess. Binet found that experience, imagination, and memories of abstract and concrete varieties were required in master chess.<ref>[http://billwall.phpwebhosting.com/articles/memory_and_chess.htm#:~:text=The%20ability%20to%20recall%20a,the%20more%20than%2020%20pieces. ''Memory and Chess''] by Bill Wall</ref>}}
In 1893 and 1894, Alfred Binet (1857-1911) conducted perhaps the first psychological studies into chess. He investigated the cognitive facilities of chess masters who could play blindfold chess. He hypothesized that chess depends upon the phenomenological qualities of visual memory. He found that only chess masters were able to play chess successfully without seeing the board and intermediate players found it impossible to play a game of blindfold chess. Binet found that experience, imagination, and memories of abstract and concrete varieties were required in master chess.<ref>[http://billwall.phpwebhosting.com/articles/memory_and_chess.htm#:~:text=The%20ability%20to%20recall%20a,the%20more%20than%2020%20pieces. ''Memory and Chess''] by Bill Wall</ref>}}
=== Journal articles on chess and mnemonics ===
''See also:'' [[Mnemonic]]
A [[mnemonic]] device (memory device), is any learning technique that assists someone's [[memory]].
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5967988/ ''Mnemonic virtuosity: A study of chess players''] by Alfred Binet, [Trans. M. L. Simmel & S. B. Barron.]. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 74(1), 127–162. Abstract: "Originally published in 1893, Binet's analysis of the mental processes at work in the game of chess was based on questionnaires, interviews, and correspondence with the contemporary chess masters. The discussion centers around blindfold chess and the conduct of several games simultaneously."<ref>[https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1966-11836-001 Mnemonic virtuosity: A study of chess players] by Alfred Binet. [Trans. M. L. Simmel & S. B. Barron.]. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 74(1), 127–162</ref>
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010028596900110 ''Templates in Chess Memory: A Mechanism for Recalling Several Boards''] by Fernand Gobet and Herbert A. Simon, ''Cognitive Psychology'', Volume 31, Issue 1, August 1996, Pages 1-40
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29101550/#:~:text=The%20expertise%20effect%20in%20memory,learned%20more%20and%20larger%20patterns. ''Chess knowledge predicts chess memory even after controlling for chess experience: Evidence for the role of high-level processes''] by David M. Lane and Yu-Hsuan A. Chang, ''Memory and Cognition'', 2018 Apr;46(3):337-348. doi: 10.3758/s13421-017-0768-2.
*[https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1994-08388-001 ''Role of high-level knowledge in memory for chess positions''] by Cooke, N. J., Atlas, R. S., Lane, D. M., & Berger, R. C., ''The American Journal of Psychology'', 106(3), 321–351. https://doi.org/10.2307/1423181
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9677761/ ''Expert memory: a comparison of four theories''] by F. Gobet, ''Cognition''. 1998 May;66(2):115-52. doi: 10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00020-1.
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[[File:Cerebellum.jpg|center|thumb|200px|The human brain is the most complex physical entity in the universe.<ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Human Body: God's Masterpiece]</ref><ref>[http://creation.com/the-human-body-gods-masterpiece The Enigmatic Human Brain] by Wallace G. Smith</ref><ref>[http://www.creationmoments.com/radio/transcripts/most-complex-structure The Most Complex Structure], Creation Moments</ref>]]
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==See also==
==See also==