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HYKSOS, the Greek form of an [[Egypt|Egyptian]] phrase: “rulers of foreign lands”, refers to a people who entered - possibly forcibly - into Egypt, and built their capital at Avaris in the [[Nile River|Nile]] Delta area in about 1640 B.C. during the Thirteenth Dynasty. There is uncertainty about the method of their takeover. They ruled – as the Fifteenth Dynasty - the northern third or so of Egypt until driven out by Ahmose, first pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, around 1532. The rest of the country was ruled from [[Thebes]] as the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties, however Nubians pushed up from the south and took over part of Egypt towards the end of this period and their rulers are known as the Seventeenth Dynasty. Because of the general disruption to the land of Egypt at this time, it is thought a minor branch of the Hyksos set themselves up as minor rulers, and they have been acknowledged as the Sixteenth Dynasty.

'''HYKSOS''', the Greek form of an [[Egypt|Egyptian]] phrase: “rulers of foreign lands”, refers to a people who entered - possibly forcibly - into Egypt, and built their capital at Avaris in the [[Nile River|Nile]] Delta area in about 1640 B.C. during the Thirteenth Dynasty. There is uncertainty about the method of their takeover. They ruled – as the Fifteenth Dynasty - the northern third or so of Egypt until driven out by Ahmose, first pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty, around 1532. The rest of the country was ruled from [[Thebes]] as the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties, however Nubians pushed up from the south and took over part of Egypt towards the end of this period and their rulers are known as the Seventeenth Dynasty. Because of the general disruption to the land of Egypt at this time, it is thought a minor branch of the Hyksos set themselves up as minor rulers, and they have been acknowledged as the Sixteenth Dynasty.

The Hyksos may have been of Indo-Ayrian origin, however there is also linguistic evidence that points to their speaking a semitic language, possibly even [[Hebrew]].  The sites of cities of theirs have been excavated in the Holy Land.

The Hyksos may have been of Indo-Ayrian origin, however there is also linguistic evidence that points to their speaking a semitic language, possibly even [[Hebrew]].  The sites of cities of theirs have been excavated in the Holy Land.