17,394
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 2:
Line 2: − + − + + + + + + + + − From 1946 to 1947 he was President Truman’s special envoy in China. After that he became Secretary of State. Being unfamiliar with the world of Communist revolutionary activity, Marshall inevitably fell under the influence of the State Department [[China hands]] in Washington and in China.<ref>''While You Slept'', Flynn, pgs. 176-177.</ref> Marshall later became the subject of much criticism after responding to an observer in Hong Kong with the language used by several [[Comintern]] journalists and [[propagandist]]s, referring to Chairman [[Mao Zedong]] and the [[Chinese Communist Party]] as, "These fellows are+ − + + − As diplomat, he acted as Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949, formulating the [[Marshall Plan]], an unprecedented program of economic and military aid to in war-ravaged Western Europe. This program became known as the "Marshall Plan" and led to the coalition of free nations under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to help revitalize Europe. Marshall received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for this work.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1953/marshall-bio.html The Nobel Peace Prize 1953]</ref>+ + Line 62:
Line 71: + + + +
add details and links
'''George Catlett Marshall''' (Uniontown, PA. 31 Dec 1880 - 16 Oct 1959), was head of the U.S. Army in [[World War II]] and a after the war was prominent diplomat, after whom the "Marshall Plan" was named.
'''George Catlett Marshall''' (Uniontown, PA. 31 Dec 1880 - 16 Oct 1959), was head of the U.S. Army in [[World War II]] and a after the war was prominent diplomat, after whom the "Marshall Plan" was named.
==Workd War II==
==World War II==
America's top-ranking soldier during World War II, served as chief of staff from 1939 to 1945, building and directing the largest army in history. On September 1, 1939, he was promoted to Chief of Staff with the rank of General, and he was named General of the Army on December 16, 1944.
As Chief of Staff (1939-45) he was America's top-ranking soldier during World War II. He built and directed the largest army in American history. On September 1, 1939, he was promoted to Chief of Staff with the rank of General, and he was named General of the Army on December 16, 1944.
[[Image:Marshall42.jpg|thumb|280px|''Time'' Oct 19, 1942]]
[[Image:Marshall42.jpg|thumb|280px|''Time'' Oct 19, 1942]]
===Strategy against Japan===
Marshall, who had charge of the Air Force, explained American strategy three weeks before Pearl Harbor:<ref>
Robert L. Sherrod "Memorandum for David W. Hulburd, Jr." November 15, 1941.
''The Papers of George Catlett Marshall, ed. Larry I. Bland et al. vol. 2, ''We Cannot Delay, July 1, 1939-December 6, 1941'' (1986), #2-602 pp. 676-681. [http://76.7.58.34/gsdl274/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0themarsh--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---01-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=themarsh&cl=CL2.2&d=HASHa5a59dba9dbe679bec58d0 online version]. Marshall made the statement to a secret press conference. </ref>
:"We are preparing for an offensive war against Japan, whereas the Japs believe we are preparing only to defend the Phillipines. ...We have 35 Flying Fortresses already there—the largest concentration anywhere in the world. Twenty more will be added next month, and 60 more in January....If war with the Japanese does come, we'll fight mercilessly. Flying fortresses will be dispatched immediately to set the paper cities of Japan on fire. There wont be any hesitation about bombing civilians—it will be all-out."
When war began the Philippine airbases were quickly lost. American strategy then focused on getting forwar airbases close enough to Japan to use the very-long-range [[B-29]] bomber, then in development. At first the B-29's were stationed in China and made raids in 1944; the logistics made China an impossible base. Finally, in summer 1944, the U.S. won the [[Battle of the Philippine Sea]] and captured islands that were in range.
==China==
==China==
===China===
just old-fashioned agrarian reformers."<ref>''While You Slept : Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'', John T. Flynn, New York : The Devin - Adair Company, 1951, [http://www.mises.org/books/whileyouslept.pdf pg. 22] pdf.</ref>
In 1945-47 Marshall was sent to China to see what should be done to avert a civil war, with the long-term goal of establishing a stable, democratic China that was friendly to the U.S. The mission failed because [[Mao Zedong]] believed America represented the capitalist enemy of Communism.<ref>He Di, "Mao Zedong and the Marshall Mission," in Larry I. Bland, et al. eds. ''George C. Marshall's Mediation Mission to China, December 1945-January 1947.'' (1998). </ref> However, Marshall almost single-handedly kept the United States from actively intervening in in support of the wartime all, the Nationalist government under [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. Marshall's conclusion that the United States should stay out of the war went against the thinking of many American political and military leaders, the news media, and State Department officials. But Marshall had concluded that it would be unwise for the U.S. to assume any responsibility for the dismal combat performance of Chiang's troops. The Communists under [[Mao Zedong]] came to power in 1949, and China became a bitter enemy, going to war with the U.S. in Korea in 1950. The failure of Marshall's mission made him the target of intense Republican attacks, led by Senator [[Joe McCarthy]]. Republican newspapers attacked Marshall when he referred to the Chinese Communists as, "These fellows are just old-fashioned agrarian reformers."<ref>John T. Flynn, ''While You Slept : Our Tragedy in Asia and Who Made It'', 1951, [http://www.mises.org/books/whileyouslept.pdf pg. 22]</ref>
==Marshall Plan==
==Marshall Plan==
see [[Marshall Plan]]
Am experienced diplomat, he served as Secretary of State from 1947 to 1949, formulating the [[Marshall Plan]], an unprecedented program of economic and military aid to in war-ravaged Western Europe. This program became known as the "Marshall Plan" and led to the coalition of free nations under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to help revitalize Europe. Marshall received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for this work.<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1953/marshall-bio.html The Nobel Peace Prize 1953]</ref>
===Primary Sources===
===Primary Sources===
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850093,00.html ''Time'' magazine story, Oct 19, 1942]
* [http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19440103,00.html ''Time'' "General George Marshall, Man of the Year" Jan 3, 1944]
* [http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19460325,00.html ''Time'' "General George C. Marshall" Mar. 25, 1946 ]
* [http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19480105,00.html ''Time'' "George C. Marshall, Man of the Year" Jan. 5, 1948 ]
* [http://76.7.58.34/gsdl274/cgi-bin/library?a=p&p=home&l=en&w=utf-8 primary sources at Marshall Library]
* [http://76.7.58.34/gsdl274/cgi-bin/library?a=p&p=home&l=en&w=utf-8 primary sources at Marshall Library]
* Marshall, George C. ''The Papers of George Catlett Marshall,'' ed. Larry I. Bland et al.; [http://76.7.58.34/gsdl274/cgi-bin/library?e=p-00000-00---off-0themarsh--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---01-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&cl=CL2 complete contents are online]
* Marshall, George C. ''The Papers of George Catlett Marshall,'' ed. Larry I. Bland et al.; [http://76.7.58.34/gsdl274/cgi-bin/library?e=p-00000-00---off-0themarsh--00-1--0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---01-3-1-00-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&cl=CL2 complete contents are online]