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Kyoto was the city in which the [[Kyoto Protocol]] of 1989 was drafted.

Kyoto was the city in which the [[Kyoto Protocol]] of 1989 was drafted.

Located in the central part of [[Honshu]] island and today the capital of [[Kyoto prefecture]], the city served for many centuries as the center of Japanese civilization, a role now held by [[Tokyo]]. Kyoto, with a population of 1,386,000, still plays an important role in the nation's cultural and educational life. The city is well known for its handicraft industries that once catered to the upscale tastes of the imperial court. These include the weaving and dyeing of fine silks and the making of embroidery, ceramics, lacquer and cloisonné ware, and damascene work. Kyoto has long promoted traditional Japanese arts such as Noh drama, flower arrangement, and the tea ceremony. Japan's emperors are still enthroned in the former imperial palace, which is set in spacious grounds in the center of the city.

Located in the central part of [[Honshu]] island and today the capital of [[Kyoto prefecture]], the city served for many centuries as the center of Japanese civilization, a role now held by [[Tokyo]]. Kyoto, with a population of 1,386,000, still plays an important role in the nation's cultural and educational life.

[[File:Kyoto1.jpg|thumb|200px]]

 

The city is well known for its handicraft industries that once catered to the upscale tastes of the imperial court. These include the weaving and dyeing of fine silks and the making of embroidery, ceramics, lacquer and cloisonné ware, and damascene work. Kyoto has long promoted traditional Japanese arts such as Noh drama, flower arrangement, and the tea ceremony. Japan's emperors are still enthroned in the former imperial palace, which is set in spacious grounds in the center of the city.

[[File:Kyoto1.jpg|thumb|200px]] Modern industries include copper smelting, chemicals, and machinery. 

==Education==

==Education==

Kyoto University, founded 1897, has become one of Japan's leading universities; Ritsumeikan University was founded in 1900.  Doshisha University was founded as a Christian college in 1875 by Niijima Jo, who was educated in New England and grafted Christianity onto traditional samurai morality. Niijima taught the superiority of the West and shaped the distinctiveness of the school by stressing the necessity of replacing the old morality with Christianity. By 1900, however, Doshisha no longer played a different role from other institutes of higher learning.<ref> Keiichiro Yoshinaga, "Fields of Faith: The Struggle of Niijima Jo."  PhD dissertation Columbia U. 1998. 252 pp.  DAI 1999 59(7): 2399-A. DA9839032  Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]</ref>

There are over 20 universities and colleges. Kyoto University, founded 1897, has become one of Japan's leading universities; Ritsumeikan University was founded in 1900.  Doshisha University was founded as a Christian college in 1875 by Niijima Jo, who was educated in New England and grafted Christianity onto traditional samurai morality. Niijima taught the superiority of the West and shaped the distinctiveness of the school by stressing the necessity of replacing the old morality with Christianity. By 1900, however, Doshisha no longer played a different role from other institutes of higher learning.<ref> Keiichiro Yoshinaga, "Fields of Faith: The Struggle of Niijima Jo."  PhD dissertation Columbia U. 1998. 252 pp.  DAI 1999 59(7): 2399-A. DA9839032  Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]</ref>

==Culture==

==Culture==

The Kokuga Society, 1918-1928, was formed by artists Tsuchida Bakusen (1887-1936), Ono Chikkyô (1889-1979), Sakakibara Shihô (1887-1971), Murakami Kagaku (1888-1939) and Nonagase Banka (1889-1964). The goal was to foster reform of traditional painting by showcasing art that celebrated creativity, individuality, and self-expression, in order to encourage an alternative aesthetic to that associated with the Bunten, the dominant, government-organized exhibition series.<ref> John Donald Szostak, "The `Kokuga Sôsaku Kyôkai' and Kyoto Nihonga Reform in the Meiji, Taishô and Early Shôwa Years (1900-1928)."  PhD dissertation U. of Washington 2005. 656 pp.  DAI 2006 66(7): 2419-A. DA3183429  Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]</ref>  

The Kokuga Society, 1918-1928, was formed by artists Tsuchida Bakusen (1887-1936), Ono Chikkyô (1889-1979), Sakakibara Shihô (1887-1971), Murakami Kagaku (1888-1939) and Nonagase Banka (1889-1964). The goal was to foster reform of traditional painting by showcasing art that celebrated creativity, individuality, and self-expression, in order to encourage an alternative aesthetic to that associated with the Bunten, the dominant, government-organized exhibition series.<ref> John Donald Szostak, "The `Kokuga Sôsaku Kyôkai' and Kyoto Nihonga Reform in the Meiji, Taishô and Early Shôwa Years (1900-1928)."  PhD dissertation U. of Washington 2005. 656 pp.  DAI 2006 66(7): 2419-A. DA3183429  Fulltext: [[ProQuest Dissertations & Theses]]</ref>  

==History==

==History==

== See also ==

== See also ==

*[[Ise]]

*[[Ise]]

*[[Tokyo]]

*[[Tokyo]]

*[[Kamakura]]

*[[Kamakura]]

[[Category:Japanese Cities and Towns]]

[[Category:Japanese Cities and Towns]]

[[Category:Japanese History]]

[[Category:Japanese History]]