Difference between revisions of "Howard Baker, Sr."
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Baker was considered a strong [[conservative]] in the House<ref name=tennesseeencyclopediabio>[https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/howard-baker-sr/ Howard H. Baker Sr.]. ''Tennessee Encyclopedia''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> though supported some programs such as [[Social Security]] and voted with Democrats on several issues.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/08/archives/howard-h-baker-representative-tennessee-republican-dies-supporter.html HOWARD H. BAKER, REPRESENTATIVE; Tennessee Republican Dies —Supporter of T.V.A.]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> He was also adamantly backed the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]], an agency established under President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in the 1930s. | Baker was considered a strong [[conservative]] in the House<ref name=tennesseeencyclopediabio>[https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/howard-baker-sr/ Howard H. Baker Sr.]. ''Tennessee Encyclopedia''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> though supported some programs such as [[Social Security]] and voted with Democrats on several issues.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/08/archives/howard-h-baker-representative-tennessee-republican-dies-supporter.html HOWARD H. BAKER, REPRESENTATIVE; Tennessee Republican Dies —Supporter of T.V.A.]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> He was also adamantly backed the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]], an agency established under President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in the 1930s. | ||
| − | A supporter of [[civil rights]] who maintained strong relationships with black leaders including [[Memphis]] businessman George Washington Lee (also known as "Lieutenant Lee"<ref>[https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/george-washington-lee/ George Washington Lee]. ''Tennessee Encyclopedia''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref>), Baker refused to sign the 1956 [[Southern Manifesto]] which opposed the [[United States Supreme Court]] decision in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' that ordered the desegregation of all U.S. public schools.<ref name=tennesseeencyclopediabio/><ref>[https://www.congress.gov/84/crecb/1956/03/12/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf]. ''Congressional Record''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> He voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1960<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/h106 HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF THE SENATE'S AMENDMENTS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> and the [[24th Amendment]],<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/h193 S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> which abolished the [[poll tax]] in all federal-level elections. | + | A supporter of [[civil rights]] who maintained strong relationships with black leaders including [[Memphis]] businessman George Washington Lee (also known as "Lieutenant Lee"<ref>[https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/george-washington-lee/ George Washington Lee]. ''Tennessee Encyclopedia''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref>),<ref name=tennesseeencyclopediabio/> Baker refused to sign the 1956 [[Southern Manifesto]] which opposed the [[United States Supreme Court]] decision in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' that ordered the desegregation of all U.S. public schools.<ref name=tennesseeencyclopediabio/><ref>[https://www.congress.gov/84/crecb/1956/03/12/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf]. ''Congressional Record''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> He voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1960<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/86-1960/h106 HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF THE SENATE'S AMENDMENTS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> and the [[24th Amendment]],<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/h193 S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 28, 2021.</ref> which abolished the [[poll tax]] in all federal-level elections. |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 02:01, June 29, 2021
Howard Henry Baker, Sr. (January 12, 1902 – January 7, 1964) was a Republican congressman from Tennessee's 2nd congressional district whose tenure spanned from the early 1950s until his death in office. He was previously a state representative from 1929 to 1930.
He was the father of Tennessee U.S. senator Howard Henry Baker, Jr., a Moderate Republican.
Political career
U.S. House of Representatives
Baker was narrowly elected to the House in the 1950 midterms, defeating Democrat opponent Frank W. Wilson by less than five percentage points in what was otherwise a consistent stronghold for the Republican Party since the late 1800s.[1] His following re-elections faced no serious opponents in the general elections, always managing to garner at least 58% of the vote.[2]
Baker was considered a strong conservative in the House[3] though supported some programs such as Social Security and voted with Democrats on several issues.[4] He was also adamantly backed the Tennessee Valley Authority, an agency established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s.
A supporter of civil rights who maintained strong relationships with black leaders including Memphis businessman George Washington Lee (also known as "Lieutenant Lee"[5]),[3] Baker refused to sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto which opposed the United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education that ordered the desegregation of all U.S. public schools.[3][6] He voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1960[7] and the 24th Amendment,[8] which abolished the poll tax in all federal-level elections.
See also
- U.S. "Party-switch" myth
- Brazilla Carroll Reece, former Republican representative from the neighboring first congressional district of Tennessee
References
- ↑ TN - District 02 Race - Nov 07, 1950. Our Campaigns. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ↑ Candidate - Howard H. Baker. Our Campaigns. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Howard H. Baker Sr.. Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ↑ HOWARD H. BAKER, REPRESENTATIVE; Tennessee Republican Dies —Supporter of T.V.A.. The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ↑ George Washington Lee. Tennessee Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ↑ GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf. Congressional Record. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ↑ HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF THE SENATE'S AMENDMENTS.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved June 28, 2021.
- ↑ S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved June 28, 2021.