Difference between revisions of "Herbert Brownell"

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Brownell was successful in his efforts for President Eisenhower to appoint pro-civil rights judges into federal judicial positions.<ref name=chicagotribune>New York Times News Service (May 4, 1996). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-05-04-9605040085-story.html HERBERT BROWNELL JR., IKE'S ATTORNEY GENERAL]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> He proved crucial in the appointment of [[Earl Warren]] to the [[United States Supreme Court]], led the [[DOJ]] in filing a brief to the Court in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', and later convinced Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce integration in [[Arkansas]] during the [[Little Rock]] crisis.<ref name=americanthinker>Zak, Michael (February 20, 2007). [https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/02/herbert_brownell_gop_civil_rig.html Herbert Brownell, GOP civil rights hero]. ''American Thinker''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref>
 
Brownell was successful in his efforts for President Eisenhower to appoint pro-civil rights judges into federal judicial positions.<ref name=chicagotribune>New York Times News Service (May 4, 1996). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-05-04-9605040085-story.html HERBERT BROWNELL JR., IKE'S ATTORNEY GENERAL]. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> He proved crucial in the appointment of [[Earl Warren]] to the [[United States Supreme Court]], led the [[DOJ]] in filing a brief to the Court in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', and later convinced Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce integration in [[Arkansas]] during the [[Little Rock]] crisis.<ref name=americanthinker>Zak, Michael (February 20, 2007). [https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2007/02/herbert_brownell_gop_civil_rig.html Herbert Brownell, GOP civil rights hero]. ''American Thinker''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref>
  
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Brownell wrote the original version of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], and the legislation was submitted to Congress by Eisenhower.<ref name=americanthinker/> After passing the House with most of the opposition from [[Democrats]],<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42 HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> the bill was weakened in the Senate under the direction of then-[[Senate Majority Leader|Majority Leader]] [[Lyndon B. Johnson]],<ref>[https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-Civil-Rights-Act-of-1957/ The Civil Rights Act of 1957]. ''Us House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> who pushed through a jury trial amendment to compromise with [[segregation]]ists.<ref>DiEugenio, James (October 7, 2018). [https://kennedysandking.com/reviews/the-kennedys-and-civil-rights-how-the-msm-continues-to-distort-history-part-2 The Kennedys and Civil Rights: How the MSM Continues to Distort History, Part 2]. ''Kennedys and King''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> In order to prevent the Democrats on the national level as being viewed as civil rights obstructionists, Johnson ensured that rather than the bill going down in a filibuster by the Southern Democrats, the legislation be weakened to prevent progress. The Senate passed on July 24 an amendment which removed authority for the attorney general to intervene in civil rights cases,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s71 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO DELETE AUTHORITY FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK PREVENTIVE RELIEF IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> and on August 2 the jury trial amendment.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s73 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO GUARANTEE JURY TRIALS IN ALL CASES OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT AND PROVIDE UNIFORM METHODS FOR SELECTING FEDERAL COURT JURIES.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> Only ''then'' was the Act passed by the Senate,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> which Eisenhower still signed into law.
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Brownell wrote the original version of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]], and the legislation was submitted to Congress by Eisenhower.<ref name=americanthinker/> After passing the House with most of the opposition from [[Democrats]],<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/h42 HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> the bill was weakened in the Senate under the direction of then-[[Senate Majority Leader|Majority Leader]] [[Lyndon B. Johnson]],<ref>[https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/The-Civil-Rights-Act-of-1957/ The Civil Rights Act of 1957]. ''Us House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> who pushed through a jury trial amendment to compromise with [[segregation]]ists.<ref>DiEugenio, James (October 7, 2018). [https://kennedysandking.com/reviews/the-kennedys-and-civil-rights-how-the-msm-continues-to-distort-history-part-2 The Kennedys and Civil Rights: How the MSM Continues to Distort History, Part 2]. ''Kennedys and King''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> In order to prevent the Democrats on the national level as being viewed as civil rights obstructionists, Johnson ensured that rather than the bill going down in a filibuster by the Southern Democrats, the legislation be weakened to prevent progress if enacted. The Senate passed on July 24th an amendment which removed authority for the attorney general to intervene in civil rights cases,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s71 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO DELETE AUTHORITY FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK PREVENTIVE RELIEF IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> and on August 2nd the jury trial amendment.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s73 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO GUARANTEE JURY TRIALS IN ALL CASES OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT AND PROVIDE UNIFORM METHODS FOR SELECTING FEDERAL COURT JURIES.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> Only ''then'' was the Act passed by the Senate,<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/85-1957/s75 HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved July 6, 2021.</ref> which Eisenhower still signed into law.
  
 
An outspoken opponent of [[communist]] sedition, Brownell recommended to Eisenhower in 1953 that calls to give clemency to [[Julius Rosenberg|Julius]] and [[Ethel Rosenberg]] be rejected.<ref name=chicagotribune/> The Rosenbergs were ultimately executed for conspiring to hand U.S. nuclear secrets to the [[Soviet Union]]. However, Brownell also worked secretly to undermine the "excesses" of [[Joseph McCarthy]],<ref name=encyclopedia.com/> a Wisconsin Republican senator who exposed communist infiltration of the [[United States State Department]] and the [[U.S. Army]].
 
An outspoken opponent of [[communist]] sedition, Brownell recommended to Eisenhower in 1953 that calls to give clemency to [[Julius Rosenberg|Julius]] and [[Ethel Rosenberg]] be rejected.<ref name=chicagotribune/> The Rosenbergs were ultimately executed for conspiring to hand U.S. nuclear secrets to the [[Soviet Union]]. However, Brownell also worked secretly to undermine the "excesses" of [[Joseph McCarthy]],<ref name=encyclopedia.com/> a Wisconsin Republican senator who exposed communist infiltration of the [[United States State Department]] and the [[U.S. Army]].

Revision as of 02:53, July 7, 2021

Herbert Brownell, Jr. (February 20, 1904 – May 1, 1996) was a lawyer and Republican civil rights hero from New York who served as the United States Attorney General under the presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower. He was previously the chair of the Republican National Committee during the mid-1940s, and a state representative preceding that.

Brownell is a distant relative of women's suffrage activist Susan B. Anthony.[1]

Political career

Eisenhower Administration

Brownell was successful in his efforts for President Eisenhower to appoint pro-civil rights judges into federal judicial positions.[2] He proved crucial in the appointment of Earl Warren to the United States Supreme Court, led the DOJ in filing a brief to the Court in Brown v. Board of Education, and later convinced Eisenhower to send federal troops to enforce integration in Arkansas during the Little Rock crisis.[3]

Brownell wrote the original version of the Civil Rights Act of 1957, and the legislation was submitted to Congress by Eisenhower.[3] After passing the House with most of the opposition from Democrats,[4] the bill was weakened in the Senate under the direction of then-Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson,[5] who pushed through a jury trial amendment to compromise with segregationists.[6] In order to prevent the Democrats on the national level as being viewed as civil rights obstructionists, Johnson ensured that rather than the bill going down in a filibuster by the Southern Democrats, the legislation be weakened to prevent progress if enacted. The Senate passed on July 24th an amendment which removed authority for the attorney general to intervene in civil rights cases,[7] and on August 2nd the jury trial amendment.[8] Only then was the Act passed by the Senate,[9] which Eisenhower still signed into law.

An outspoken opponent of communist sedition, Brownell recommended to Eisenhower in 1953 that calls to give clemency to Julius and Ethel Rosenberg be rejected.[2] The Rosenbergs were ultimately executed for conspiring to hand U.S. nuclear secrets to the Soviet Union. However, Brownell also worked secretly to undermine the "excesses" of Joseph McCarthy,[1] a Wisconsin Republican senator who exposed communist infiltration of the United States State Department and the U.S. Army.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brownell, Herbert, Jr.. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 New York Times News Service (May 4, 1996). HERBERT BROWNELL JR., IKE'S ATTORNEY GENERAL. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zak, Michael (February 20, 2007). Herbert Brownell, GOP civil rights hero. American Thinker. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  4. ↑ HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  5. ↑ The Civil Rights Act of 1957. Us House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  6. ↑ DiEugenio, James (October 7, 2018). The Kennedys and Civil Rights: How the MSM Continues to Distort History, Part 2. Kennedys and King. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  7. ↑ HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO DELETE AUTHORITY FOR ATTORNEY GENERAL TO SEEK PREVENTIVE RELIEF IN CIVIL RIGHTS CASES UNDER THE 14TH AMENDMENT.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  8. ↑ HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957. AMENDMENT TO GUARANTEE JURY TRIALS IN ALL CASES OF CRIMINAL CONTEMPT AND PROVIDE UNIFORM METHODS FOR SELECTING FEDERAL COURT JURIES.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved July 6, 2021.
  9. ↑ HR. 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved July 6, 2021.

External links

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